基于根际微生物的作物土传病害绿色防治研究进展

Green control of soil-borne crop diseases: advances in rhizosphere microbe research

摘要:

土传病害是当前制约作物生产、危害食品安全的主要病害类型。根际微生物组作为“植物的第二基因组”，在防治作物土传病害方面展现出巨大潜力。利用根际微生物防治土传病害具有绿色、高效、普适性等优势，已成为当前根际微生物领域的研究热点。本文首先介绍了根际微生物及其在防治作物土传病害方面的潜力；随后结合最新研究成果，系统总结了微生物防治土传病害的7种机制，并将其归纳为以下3种途径：(1) 微生物-病原菌的直接互作；(2) 微生物-作物的直接和间接互作；(3) 微生物-微生物的间接互作。此外，本文综述了当前根际微生物在防治作物土传病害中的应用情况。最后，分析了利用根际微生物防治土传病害面临的研究难点，并探讨了未来可能的解决路径，以期为推动土传病害的绿色防控提供参考。

Abstract:

Soil-borne diseases are currently the most significant type of plant disease restricting crop production and threatening food safety. The rhizosphere microbiome, often regarded as the “second genome of plants”, has shown considerable potential in controlling soil-borne crop diseases. The use of rhizosphere microbes to control soil-borne diseases offers many advantages, such as being environmentally friendly, efficient, and broadly applicable, which makes it a hot topic in rhizosphere microbe research. In this review, we first introduced rhizosphere microbes and their potential for controlling soil-borne crop diseases. Subsequently, by integrating the latest research advances, we systematically summarized seven mechanisms of microbial control against soil-borne diseases and categorized them into three pathways: (1) direct interactions between microbes and pathogens; (2) direct and indirect interactions between microbes and plants; (3) indirect interactions among microbes. Furthermore, we reviewed the current applications of the rhizosphere microbes in controlling soil-borne crop diseases. Finally, we analyzed the key research challenges in using rhizosphere microbes for soil-borne disease control and discussed potential solutions, aiming to provide references for advancing the green control of soil-borne diseases.