土壤胶体磷的微生物调控机制研究进展

Advances in microbial regulatory mechanisms of soil colloidal phosphorus

摘要:

土壤胶体磷(colloidal phosphorus, CP)是土壤磷循环中不可忽视的活性组分，其赋存形态与迁移行为显著影响磷的生物有效性和环境风险。本文系统综述了微生物在胶体磷形态转化与迁移中的多尺度调控机制，重点从化学作用(如质子分泌、铁还原和有机酸配位)、物理作用(如胞外聚合物捕集和生物膜孔隙改造)以及微生物群落与分子生态3个维度阐明微生物通过界面反应、功能基因表达和群体互作等方式驱动胶体磷活化、固定和迁移的过程。本文进一步探讨了土壤理化性质、农业管理及新兴污染物等多因素对微生物调控过程的协同影响，指出当前研究在跨尺度耦合、原位表征和机制建模等方面的不足，并为未来土壤磷素高效利用和污染防控提供了理论依据和研究方向。

Abstract:

Soil colloidal phosphorus (CP) is an active component that cannot be overlooked in the soil phosphorus cycle. Its occurrence forms and migration behavior significantly influence phosphorus bioavailability and environmental risks. This paper systematically reviews the multiscale regulatory mechanisms of microbial actions in CP transformation and migration. It focuses on chemical effects (e.g., proton secretion, iron reduction, and organic acid coordination), physical effects (e.g., extracellular polymer trapping and biofilm pore remodeling), and microbial community dynamics and molecular ecology three dimensions to elucidate how microbes drive CP activation, immobilization, and migration through interfacial reactions, functional gene expression, and community interactions. The paper further explores the synergistic effects of multiple factors on microbial regulation processes, including soil physicochemical properties, agricultural management practices, and emerging pollutants. It identifies current research gaps in cross-scale coupling, in situ characterization, and mechanism modeling, while providing theoretical foundations and research directions for enhancing soil phosphorus utilization and pollution control.