肠道微生物改善高尿酸血症的研究进展

Research progress in the amelioration of hyperuricemia by gut microbiota

摘要:

高尿酸血症(hyperuricemia, HUA)是人体内尿酸代谢紊乱、血尿酸水平持续高于正常值的一种病理现象。近年来，肠道微生态成为各种代谢性疾病的研究热点，因此肠道菌群有可能成为预防和治疗高尿酸血症的新靶标。本文综述了尿酸在人体内的代谢途径和生理作用，阐述了肠道菌群对高尿酸血症的调控机制，包括分解与内化嘌呤以抑制尿酸合成、分解尿酸并促进尿酸排泄、修复肠道屏障、影响肠道代谢产物、调节肠道免疫等方面。同时，总结了优化饮食结构、服用益生菌、益生元干预及粪便微生物移植等方法在高尿酸血症治疗中的潜在应用，为高尿酸血症的防治提供了新的思路与参考。

Abstract:

Hyperuricemia is a pathological phenomenon in which the metabolism of uric acid in the human body is disrupted and blood uric acid levels remain above normal. In recent years, gut microbiota has become a research hotspot for various metabolic diseases, serving as a potential new target for the prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia. This article reviews the metabolic pathways and physiological effects of uric acid in the human body and elucidates the regulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota on hyperuricemia. Such mechanisms include inhibiting uric acid synthesis by the breakdown and internalization of purines, degrading uric acid and promoting uric acid excretion, repairing intestinal barriers, influencing intestinal metabolites, and regulating intestinal immunity. In addition, this article summarizes the potential applications of optimizing dietary structure, taking probiotics and prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of hyperuricemia, providing new ideas and references for the prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia.