抗生素抗性菌的适应性代价及其防控策略研究进展

Research progress in the fitness cost and prevention and control strategies of antibiotic resistant bacteria

摘要:

微生物的抗生素抗性(antibiotic resistance, AR)问题已成为全球公共卫生安全面临的重大挑战。微生物获得AR后常伴随适应性代价，通常在无抗生素环境中其群落竞争力弱于敏感菌，这使得抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes, ARGs)成为细菌的负担。基于此，本文详细阐述了适应性代价的产生机制与测量方法，举例说明了不同获取方式下ARGs介导的适应性代价，着重介绍了染色体介导和质粒介导的ARGs在适应性代价方面的差异及分子机制，最后提出了基于适应性代价的抗生素抗性菌(antibiotic resistance bacteria, ARB)防控策略。本文揭示了抗生素抗性与细菌适应性之间的权衡生物学规律，为解决由ARB及ARGs引发的全球公共卫生安全问题提供了防控思路。

Abstract:

Antibiotic resistance (AR) in microorganisms has become a crucial challenge to global public health security. The acquirement of AR in microorganisms is often accompanied by a fitness cost. Typically, in an environment without antibiotics, the bacterial community with AR shows weaker competitiveness than susceptible bacteria, which makes antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) a burden for bacteria. This article elaborates on the mechanisms underlying the generation of fitness costs and the corresponding measurement methods, provides examples to illustrate the fitness costs mediated by ARGs under different acquisition methods, and introduces the differences in fitness costs between chromosome-mediated and plasmid-mediated ARGs as well as their molecular mechanisms. Finally, it proposes prevention and control strategies for antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) based on fitness costs. This article reveals the biological law of the trade-off between antibiotic resistance and bacterial fitness and provides ideas for preventing and controlling the global public health security issues caused by ARB and ARGs.