运动、肠道菌群和2型糖尿病关系的研究进展

Research advances in the relationship among exercise, gut microbiota, and type 2 diabetes mellitus

摘要:

2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)是一种常见的代谢性疾病，然而其发病机制尚未有定论。研究发现，肠道菌群与T2DM密切相关，T2DM导致某种特定的肠道菌群结构和代谢特征，从而导致疾病发生发展。运动是T2DM防治的有效手段，可逆转因T2DM而引发的肠道菌群紊乱，调节肠道代谢物，从而改善T2DM。然而，运动对T2DM患者肠道菌群的影响仍存在许多问题亟须解决。此外，运动调控T2DM患者肠道菌群可与人体众多脏器关联，可通过多条肠道-肠外器官轴通路对T2DM产生效益。鉴于此，本文基于运动、肠道菌群和T2DM之间的关系，对T2DM肠道菌群特征以及运动对T2DM肠道菌群影响，并从肠道-器官轴角度对运动调控肠道菌群改善T2DM的机制进行综述，以期为进一步明确运动、肠道菌群和T2DM的关系提供参考。

Abstract:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent metabolic disease, yet its pathogenesis remains inconclusive. Recent studies have revealed a close relationship between the gut microbiota and T2DM, and specific gut microbiota structures and metabolic characteristics are associated with the onset and progression of T2DM. Exercise is an effective intervention for the prevention and management of T2DM, capable of reversing the dysbiosis induced by T2DM and regulating gut metabolites. However, the effects of exercise on the gut microbiota in T2DM patients still present many unresolved issues. Furthermore, the regulation of gut microbiota by exercise in T2DM patients is closely linked to multiple organs and can exert alleviation effects on T2DM via various gut-organ axis pathways. This paper reviews the characteristics of gut microbiota in T2DM and the effects of exercise on the gut microbiota in T2DM, with a particular focus on the mechanisms by which exercise regulates the gut microbiota to ameliorate T2DM via the gut-organ axis. This review aims to provide a reference for elucidating the relationship between exercise, gut microbiota, and T2DM.