土壤病毒研究进展及主要生态功能解析

Research progress and main ecological functions of soil viruses

摘要:

病毒是地球上数量最多的生物实体，广泛存在于各种生态系统中，在调控微生物群落组成、影响微生物进化、参与元素生物地球化学循环以及影响动植物病害等方面都发挥了重要的作用。土壤是病毒的重要储存库，但与海洋等水生生态系统相比，由于受到土壤异质性、土壤胶体的吸附作用及研究和分析方法的限制，土壤病毒研究相对滞后。近年来，分子生物学技术的快速发展及生态学理论的逐渐完善促进了土壤病毒研究的进展，病毒在土壤生态系统中所发挥的功能逐渐被关注。本文整体上对土壤病毒研究现状及进展进行了综述，主要包括土壤病毒的种类、土壤病毒研究方法及其在土壤中发挥的主要生态功能。在此基础上，本文进一步对土壤病毒未来发展趋势及重点研究方向进行了展望。本综述可加深人们对土壤病毒的深入了解，并为土壤病毒的相关研究提供科学参考。

Abstract:

Viruses are the most abundant biological entities on Earth and widely exist in various ecosystems. They play a role in regulating microbial community composition, influencing microbial evolution, participating in element biogeochemical cycles, and even causing plant and animal diseases. Soil is an important reservoir of viruses. Due to the limitations of soil heterogeneity, adsorption of soil colloids, and lack of research and analysis methods, the research on soil viruses lags far behind that on viruses in marine or other aquatic ecosystems. In recent years, the rapid development of molecular biology and the gradual improvement of ecological theory have promoted the research on soil viruses, researchers gradually paid attention to the function of viruses in soil ecosystem. In this paper, we summarized the research status and progress of soil viruses in terms of the types, research methods, and ecological functions. On this basis, the future development trends and key research directions of soil viruses were prospected in this paper. This review can deepen people’s understanding of soil viruses and provide scientific reference for the research on soil viruses.