不动杆菌属细菌中替加环素耐药基因tet(X)的研究进展

Research progress in tigecycline resistance genes tet(X) in Acinetobacter spp.

摘要:

不动杆菌属细菌是全球常见的条件致病菌，给人类和动物健康造成了巨大威胁。随着对碳青霉烯类抗生素耐药率的不断升高，替加环素成为治疗多重耐药不动杆菌感染的最后防线之一。近年来，替加环素耐药基因tet(X3)、tet(X4)、tet(X5)和tet(X6)等变异体的快速传播严重影响替加环素、依拉环素和奥马环素等新型四环素类抗生素的临床应用，但对不动杆菌属细菌中的tet(X)基因缺乏综述。本文通过对不动杆菌属细菌中tet(X)基因的作用机制、流行特征、传播风险和抑制剂的全面分析，进一步评估其变异体、细菌宿主、地理分布和样品来源多样性，同时为tet(X)阳性不动杆菌属病原菌的防控提供理论依据。

Abstract:

Acinetobacter spp. are the common opportunistic pathogens worldwide and pose a threat to the health of humans and animals. As the resistance rate to carbapenems aggravates, tigecycline has become one of the last lines for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter spp. infection. The rapid dissemination of tigecycline resistance genes tet(X3), tet(X4), tet(X5), tet(X6), and other variants in recent years has seriously affected the clinical application of new tetracycline antibiotics such as tigecycline, eravacycline, and omadacycline, whereas there is a lack of review on the tet(X) genes in Acinetobacter spp. This article comprehensively expounds the mechanisms of action, epidemiological characteristics, transmission risks, and inhibitors of tet(X) genes in Acinetobacter spp. and evaluates the diversity of their variants, bacterial hosts, geographical distribution, and sampling sources, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of tet(X)-positive Acinetobacter spp.