地下枯竭油藏残余原油生物气化研究进展

Research progress in methanogenic degradation of crude oil in depleted subsurface oil reservoirs

摘要:

我国对原油和天然气的需求量巨大。通过传统开采方式(如水驱、气驱、化学驱和微生物驱等)，仍有超过1/2的原油残留在地下，无法通过“流动”的方式被开采利用。通过厌氧微生物代谢，将液态原油生物转化为气态天然气，进行“沼气化”开采，有望成为枯竭油藏残余原油开发的未来技术。本文总结了原油生物气化的研究历史、研究进展以及下一步研究方向，从而为原油生物气化的工业应用提供参考。

Abstract:

China has considerable demands for crude oil and natural gas. After oil recovery by conventional methods (such as water flooding, gas flooding, chemical flooding, and microbial enhanced oil recovery), more than 50% of the crude oil remains inaccessible in subsurface oil reservoirs, unable to be recovered by conventional flooding techniques. The residual crude oil could be converted into natural gas by anaerobic microorganisms, which makes it exploitable as biogas. This innovative approach shows promise as a microbial enhanced energy recovery technology for exploiting residual crude oil in depleted oil reservoirs. This review summaries the historical development and recent advancements in the methanogenic degradation of crude oil and makes an outlook on the future research directions to facilitate the industrial application of this approach.