真菌凋亡样细胞死亡和靶向药物的研究进展

Advances in fungal apoptosis-like cell death and targeted drugs

摘要:

目前，治疗真菌感染的药物数量有限且已产生脱靶效应，研发新型抗真菌药物迫在眉睫。真菌凋亡样细胞死亡(apoptosis-like cell death, ALCD)是生物体在正常发育阶段细胞发生的死亡现象。本文概述了真菌ALCD的特征、所涉及的信号通路及关键因子，介绍了可诱导真菌凋亡的天然药物和人工合成药物。其中，天然药物包括来自微生物源的脂肽、法尼醇、他汀类、生物碱，来自植物源的有机酸、精油，以及来自昆虫的蜂毒素，并绘制了药物诱导真菌ALCD的基础分子景观。本文为制定新的抗病原真菌策略和研发靶向抗真菌药物提供了理论依据。

Abstract:

Currently, the drugs available for treating fungal infections show limited number and off-target effects. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new antifungal drugs. Fungal apoptosis-like cell death (ALCD) is a cell death phenomenon that occurs during the normal development stage of organisms. This article summarizes the characteristics, signaling pathways, and key factors involved in fungal ALCD and introduces the natural and synthetic drugs that can induce fungal apoptosis. The natural drugs include lipid peptides, farnesol, statins, and alkaloids from microorganisms, organic acids and essential oils from plants, and melittins from insects. Furthermore, this article establishes the basic molecular landscape of drug-induced fungal ALCD. This article provides a theoretical basis for formulating a new strategy for resisting pathogenic fungi and developing targeted antifungal drugs.