微生物菌群降解含石油烃污染废水的研究现状

Present situation of degradation of wastewater containing petroleum hydrocarbons by microbial flora

摘要:

石油烃废水的来源主要包括石油开采和石油产品加工使用过程中产生的废水。具体可分为石油开采过程中由于泄漏产生的污染、机械加工过程产生的废水、皮革印染过程中由于助剂使用产生的废水。石油烃废水具有有机物含量高、毒性大、可生化性差等特点。生物降解法因其无二次污染，已经成为石油烃废水处理的主要研究热点之一。本文结合最新文献分析及个人研究成果，详细介绍了石油烃废水的组成、生物降解菌群种类、生物降解机理、生物炭固定修复技术、降解基因和降解酶等方面内容，为后续进行微生物菌群降解石油烃废水的深入研究提供了参考。

关键词:微生物菌群;石油烃废水;降解机理;生物炭固定技术

Abstract:

The wastewater containing petroleum hydrocarbons is mainly produced in the process of petroleum exploitation and petroleum products processing. It encompasses the water polluted by leakage in oil exploitation, the wastewater produced in machining, and the wastewater produced using auxiliaries in leather printing and dyeing. The wastewater containing petroleum hydrocarbons has high organic matter content, high toxicity, and poor biodegradability. Biodegradation has become one of the main research hotspots of the treatment of wastewater containing petroleum hydrocarbons because of no secondary pollution. Based on the latest literature and our research results, this paper details the composition of wastewater containing petroleum hydrocarbon, microbial species for biodegradation, biodegradation mechanism, biochar immobilization and remediation technology, and degradation genes and enzymes. This paper can provide reference for the further study of microbial flora degradation of wastewater containing petroleum hydrocarbon.

Key words:microbial flora;wastewater containing petroleum hydrocarbons;degradation mechanism;biochar immobilization technology