面向粮食安全主动权：我国微生物替代蛋白产业发展现状、挑战与对策

Towards food security initiative: progress, bottlenecks, and policy pathways for the microbial alternative protein industry in China

摘要:

在国家粮食安全面临“人多地少”刚性约束和饲用蛋白原料高度依赖进口的背景下，“向微生物要热量、要蛋白”已成为构建多元化食物供给体系的战略高地。微生物替代蛋白具有不与人争粮、不与粮争地、工业化生产效率高等显著优势，是农业领域典型的“新质生产力”。本文基于全球生物制造发展态势，系统梳理了我国微生物替代蛋白在合成生物学菌种创制、气体发酵、工业化量产等方面取得的进展，深刻剖析了当前面临的优良菌种知识产权受限、规模化生产成本高企、安全评价标准滞后等核心瓶颈。在此基础上，从加强有组织的基础研究、构建“教育科技人才三位一体”的智能制造体系、重塑行业准入与安全监管政策等方面提出了针对性建议，为我国抢占全球生物农业制高点提供决策参考。

Abstract:

China’s national food security faces rigid constraints due to land scarcity, a large population, and heavy reliance on imported feed proteins. In this context, the initiative to seek calories and proteins from microbes has become a strategic priority for building a diversified food supply system. Microbial alternative proteins represent a quintessential new quality productive force in agriculture. They offer distinct advantages, most notably high industrial efficiency and the ability to decouple protein production from food crops and arable land. This paper reviews China’s progress in this sector based on global biomanufacturing trends. The discussion focuses on synthetic biology-driven strain engineering, gas fermentation, and industrial-scale production. Furthermore, the article critically analyzes current bottlenecks, including intellectual property barriers for elite strains, high production costs, and lagging safety evaluation standards. Finally, we propose targeted recommendations to address these challenges. These include strengthening organized basic research, establishing an intelligent manufacturing system that integrates education, technology, and talents, and reforming regulatory frameworks. These insights aim to provide a strategic reference for China to secure a commanding position in the global bio-agriculture landscape.