结核分枝杆菌调控树突状细胞抗原提呈的分子机制研究进展

Advances in the molecular mechanisms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in regulating antigen presentation in dendritic cells

摘要:

结核病是一种古老且严重危害全球人类和动物健康的人兽共患病，结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mtb)是引起结核病的主要病原体。树突状细胞(dendritic cell, DC)作为连接机体固有免疫应答和适应性免疫应答的桥梁，凭借其强大的抗原提呈功能激活宿主适应性免疫反应，以抵御病原体的进一步感染，在控制Mtb感染中发挥重要作用。近年来，越来越多的研究表明Mtb可通过调控DC分化和成熟、干扰吞噬作用和自噬过程、抑制抗原提呈相关分子的表达等多种策略逃避宿主免疫杀伤，从而引起持续性感染。本文就目前Mtb调控DC抗原提呈分子机制的研究进展进行梳理，以期为进一步深入研究Mtb-DC互作机制及结核病防控策略提供参考。

关键词:结核分枝杆菌;树突状细胞;抗原提呈;分子机制

Abstract:

Tuberculosis is an ancient zoonotic disease that poses a serious threat to the health of humans and animals worldwide. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the primary causative agent of tuberculosis. As a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in controlling Mtb infection by utilizing their potent antigen-presenting capacity to activate the adaptive immune response of the host and thus resist further infection. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that Mtb can evade host immune defenses by regulating DC differentiation and maturation, interfering with phagocytosis and autophagy, and inhibiting the expression of antigen presentation-related molecules, thus causing persistent infection. This review summarizes the current research on the molecular mechanisms of Mtb in regulating DC antigen presentation, aiming to provide insights for further study of Mtb-DC interaction mechanism and development of prevention and control strategies for tuberculosis.

Key words:Mycobacterium tuberculosis;dendritic cells;antigen presentation;molecular mechanisms