粗糙型布鲁氏菌与宿主互作机制的研究进展

Advances in the interaction mechanisms between rough Brucella and host organisms

摘要:

布鲁氏菌病(简称布病)是由布鲁氏菌(Brucella)引起的一种人畜共患病。布鲁氏菌能够在多种宿主细胞内复制，并通过逃避免疫系统的杀伤来实现其致病性。粗糙型布鲁氏菌由于其多糖O链抗原的缺乏或不完整，导致脂多糖结构不完整，因此无法诱导针对脂多糖的抗体产生，这使其具有鉴别诊断的潜力，因而受到广泛关注。粗糙型布鲁氏菌可通过低内毒素活性、溶酶体逃逸以及抵御补体攻击等多种方式逃避和操纵宿主免疫系统，但目前关于其免疫应答反应、与宿主的互作机制以及毒力基因功能的深入研究仍较少。本文主要概述了粗糙型布鲁氏菌的胞内寄生过程及其与宿主互作的分子机制，为粗糙型布鲁氏菌疫苗的进一步开发提供了线索。

Abstract:

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Brucella. Brucella can replicate within various host cells and evade the host immune system, which underpins its pathogenicity. Rough Brucella strains, characterized by the absence or inadequacy of the O-antigen chain, exhibit incomplete lipopolysaccharide structures, precluding the production of anti-lipopolysaccharide antibodies. This distinguishing feature facilitates differential diagnosis and has attracted considerable attention. Rough Brucella can invade and manipulate the host immune system via low endotoxin activity, lysosomal escape, and resistance to complement attacks. Nevertheless, comprehensive investigations into the host immune responses, rough Brucella-host interaction mechanisms, and virulence gene functions of rough Brucella remain scarce. This article elucidates the intracellular parasitism process of rough Brucella and the molecular mechanisms underlying their interactions with hosts, with the aim of offering insights for the development of effective vaccines against rough Brucella.