微生物降解聚酯和聚碳酸酯类地膜的研究进展

Advances in microbial degradation of polyester and polycarbonate-based mulch films

摘要:

生物可降解地膜(biodegradable mulch films, BDMs)以其广阔的应用前景和生态友好特性正逐步取代传统地膜，被视为解决“白色污染”问题最具潜力的途径。近年来，我国在生物可降解地膜的生产技术领域取得了显著成就，为其规模化生产和广泛应用奠定了坚实基础。尽管前景广阔，生物可降解地膜在降解过程中的复杂性、可控性以及其对生态环境的潜在影响仍是必须高度关注的重点。基于此，本文综合分析了5种极具应用前景的聚酯类和聚碳酸酯类生物可降解地膜，深入探讨了这些地膜的主要降解微生物及其降解机制，并对其土壤生态影响的研究现状进行了总结。本文为挖掘高效降解微生物资源、明确降解过程中的关键限速步骤、加强长周期生态效应研究提供了理论参考，为生物可降解地膜的大规模安全应用提供了新的解决思路和解决方案。

Abstract:

Biodegradable mulch films (BDMs), distinguished by their extensive application potential and ecological friendliness, are progressively supplanting traditional mulch film and considered as a highly promising approach to address “white pollution”. China has witnessed notable advancements in the production technology of BDMs in recent years, establishing a strong foundation for their large-scale manufacturing and widespread application. Despite the great prospects of BDMs, the complexity and controllability of their degradation process, alongside their potential impacts on the eco-environment, remain highly concerned. This paper comprehensively analyzes five promising polyester and polycarbonate-based BDMs and delves into the primary degrading microorganisms and their degradation mechanisms. Furthermore, this paper summarizes the current research regarding the impacts of BDMs on the soil environment. This review aims to lay a theoretical foundation for discovering efficient microbial degraders, pinpointing key rate-limiting steps in degradation, and enhancing long-term ecological effect studies, thus providing new perspectives and solutions for the large-scale and safe utilization of BDMs.