链霉菌在作物病害生物防治中的应用研究进展

Progress in research on application of Streptomyces in biocontrol of plant diseases

摘要:

链霉菌是一类在植物病害生物防治中研究和应用极为广泛的生防菌。它广泛分布于土壤、海洋及植物内部，其自身及其产生的生物活性物质具有抗真菌、抗细菌、抗病毒、杀线虫、杀虫及除草等多重作用。链霉菌在作物病害生物防治中的作用机制主要包括拮抗、重寄生、诱导植物抗性、促进植物生长以及产生抗菌挥发性物质等。本文还介绍了已商品化的链霉菌生防菌剂。然而，与国外市场相比，我国目前已商品化的链霉菌生防菌剂数量相对较少。因此研发和推广链霉菌生防制剂对于进一步减少化学农药的使用以及推动农药绿色可持续发展具有重要意义。

Abstract:

Streptomyces are deeply studied and applied in the biocontrol of plant diseases. Streptomyces are widely distributed in soil, ocean and plant tissue. Streptomyces and the bioactive metabolites produced by Streptomyces exhibited antifungal, antibacterial, antivirus, nematicidal, pesticidal and herbicidal effects. The biocontrol mechanisms of Streptomyces against plant diseases, including antifungal activity, mycoparasitism, inducing resistance, enhancing plant growth, producing volatile organic compounds were summarized. The commercialized biocontrol agents developed based on Streptomyces were introduced. The research on Streptomyces-based biocontrol agents is limited in China, and the development and promotion of such agents could decrease the use of chemical fungicides and promote the environmental-friendly sustainable development of agriculture.