羟胺在氮循环中的作用及其影响N2O排放的研究进展

Research progress in the role of hydroxylamine in the nitrogen cycle and its impact on N2O emissions

摘要:

羟胺作为氮循环的重要中间产物，连接氨氧化和亚硝态氮氧化过程，影响着氨氧化、亚硝态氮氧化、反硝化等过程的速度与方向，并通过相关酶促反应、自身分解或与其他物质反应与氧化亚氮(nitrous oxide, N₂O)的产生密切相关，已成为研究的重点和热点。本文总结了羟胺在自养和异养氨氧化过程中的生成与转化、在氮循环中的关键作用以及对N₂O排放的促进作用，分析了自养和异养氨氧化过程及其酶学差异，为深入研究羟胺在微生物氮循环中的作用机制、研发N₂O减排措施和保护大气环境提供了理论参考。

Abstract:

Hydroxylamine, as an important intermediate product in the nitrogen cycle, connects ammonia oxidation and nitrite oxidation, influencing the velocities and directions of processes like ammonia oxidation, nitrite oxidation, and denitrification. Because of the close associations with the generation of N₂O through enzymatic reactions and self-decomposition or reactions with other substances, hydroxylamine has become a focus and hotspot of research. This paper summarized the generation and transformation of hydroxylamine in autotrophic and heterotrophic ammonia oxidation, the key role of hydroxylamine in the nitrogen cycle, and the promoting effect of hydroxylamine on N₂O emissions. It analyzed the processes of autotrophic and heterotrophic ammonia oxidation and their enzymatic differences, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for in-depth research on the role of hydroxylamine in the microbial nitrogen cycle and for the research and development of measures to reduce N₂O emissions and protect the atmospheric environment.