滨海湿地生态系统中古菌驱动的氮循环

Archaea-driven nitrogen cycling in coastal wetland ecosystems

摘要:

滨海湿地是全球生产力最高的生态系统之一，位于海洋与陆地的交界处，承接大量含氮物质的输入，氮循环活跃，对全球氮储库平衡及气候变化具有关键的调节作用。古菌是滨海湿地微生物群落的重要组成部分，然而其生态作用曾长期被忽视。随着新型生物学技术的发展，古菌的多样性及其生态功能逐渐被揭示，显示出其在氮循环中扮演着重要角色。本文综述了滨海湿地中古菌的分布和多样性，重点探讨了古菌在固氮、硝化、反硝化和硝酸盐铵化等关键氮循环过程中的驱动作用。此外，针对古菌在全球气候变化减缓中的应用，本文还探讨了利用古菌群落减少滨海湿地氧化亚氮排放的设想。

关键词:滨海湿地生态系统;古菌;氮循环;氧化亚氮

Abstract:

Coastal wetlands, among the most productive ecosystems on Earth, are situated at the interface between land and ocean, receiving substantial nitrogen inputs. These ecosystems exhibit active nitrogen cycling and play a crucial role in global nitrogen budgets and climate regulation. Archaea constitute a critical component of the microbial communities in coastal wetlands, yet their ecological significance was overlooked. The advancements in novel biological technologies have unveiled the diversity and ecological functions of archaea, highlighting their significant contributions to nitrogen cycling. This review summarizes the distribution and diversity of archaea in coastal wetland ecosystems, with a particular focus on their roles in key nitrogen cycling processes such as nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, and nitrate ammonification. In addition, for the application of archaea in global climate change mitigation, we explore the idea of using archaeal communities to reduce nitrous oxide emissions from coastal wetlands.

Key words:coastal wetland ecosystem;archaea;nitrogen cycling;nitrous oxide