微生物源γ-氨基丁酸生物合成及其代谢调控研究进展

Research progress in the biosynthesis and metabolic regulation of microbial-derived γ-aminobutyric acid

摘要:

γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid, GABA)是中枢神经系统的关键抑制性递质，在促进睡眠、缓解震颤、调节血压等生理功能方面发挥着至关重要的作用。目前已鉴定出多种能够合成GABA的微生物，这些微生物通过不同的代谢途径合成GABA，为GABA的生物合成提供了多样化的策略。本文详细总结了各类微生物合成GABA的主要途径，即GABA支路和腐胺途径，系统归纳了这2条途径中的关键酶及代谢产物，同时对比了不同途径的合成效率及优势。在此基础上，本文深入分析了各类微生物代谢合成GABA的调控机制以及提升合成效率的关键调控靶点，为微生物源GABA的合成调控机制构建了理论框架，也为提高GABA生物合成效率提供了科学依据。

Abstract:

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), a key inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, plays a vital role in physiological functions such as promoting sleep, relieving tremors, and regulating blood pressure. Currently, a variety of microorganisms capable of synthesizing GABA have been identified, offering diverse strategic options for the biosynthesis of GABA through different metabolic pathways. This review provides a detailed summary of the major pathways—the GABA shunt pathway and the putrescine pathway—for GABA synthesis in various microorganisms. It systematically outlines the key synthases and metabolites involved in the two pathways, while comparing their synthesis efficiency and respective advantages. Furthermore, this study delves into the regulatory mechanisms underlying GABA biosynthesis in different microorganisms, along with key regulatory targets for enhancing synthesis efficiency. The work aims to establish a theoretical framework for the regulatory mechanisms of microbial-derived GABA synthesis and to provide a scientific basis for improving the efficiency of GABA biosynthesis.