消化道微生物区系与肥胖关系的研究进展

The intestinal microbiota and obesity of the host

摘要:

肥胖以及与肥胖相关的一些疾病威胁着发达国家和发展中国家,这些疾病包括Ⅱ型糖尿病、高血压、心血管疾病、非酒精型脂肪肝。最新研究表明消化道微生物区系(microbiota,指一个特定区域中所有活的微生物群落的统称。)可能与宿主肥胖相关。目前此类研究尚处于起步阶段,作者总结了以往研究结果,对消化道微生物区系的组成和作用、与宿主能量代谢相关的消化道微生物种类和作用、消化道微生物区系影响宿主能量储存的途径作了较为详细的介绍。并探讨了目前研究中存在的问题,总结了本实验室已有研究成果,以及今后可能的研究方向。

Abstract:

The growing population of overweight humans threatens both industrialized and developing countries and has been accompanied by obesity-related disorders, including typeⅡdiabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular pathology and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Recent researches have demonstrated that intestinal microbiota may be associated with the host's obesity. There were researches on the interaction between Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and the energy metabolism of the host. Methanobrevibacer smithii had been improved to impact the host's energy metabolism through modulating the gene transcription of B. thetaiotaomicron. The microbiota can direct the host to increase hepatic production of triglycerides, promote storage of triglycerides in adipocytes through suppression of intestinal expression of a circulating LPL inhibitor, and have an effect on the host's energy deposition through the interaction with host's hormones (eg. Leptin). Some metabolic products of the microbiota like SCFAs, other organic acids, alcohols and gases can be used by the host directly. Researches mentioned above are just started. According to the results above, some key points remain unknown. For example, the underlying mechanism of the interaction between microbiota or some unique microbes and the host, the procedure of dietary polysaccharides degradation of the microbes, and the relationship between the microbiota and the host's hormones. In this paper, the corresponding research results of author's lab has also been reviewed and the future research prospect s have been summarized.