重组胶原蛋白的生物合成研究进展

Research progress in the biosynthesis of recombinant collagen

摘要:

胶原蛋白是哺乳动物体内最丰富的蛋白质，约占人体蛋白质的1/3，是结缔组织和细胞外基质的重要成分，对维持生理功能和损伤修复至关重要，在医药、食品和美容领域也有着广泛应用。胶原蛋白的生产方法主要有天然提取法、化学合成法和生物合成法。天然提取法通常从动物结缔组织中获取，但存在伦理问题、质量不稳定以及传染病风险；化学合成法成本高且难以合成复杂的胶原蛋白结构；生物合成法则通过基因工程技术，根据不同用途生产重组胶原蛋白，能够提供更可控、更安全、更精确的生产方式。然而，由于胶原蛋白结构复杂，其生物合成依赖于特定的分子伴侣和修饰酶，因此重组胶原蛋白的生产仍具挑战性。此外，不同类型的胶原蛋白需要形成特定的组织结构，如原纤维、网状或跨膜结构，这进一步增加了生产的难度。本综述旨在阐明重组人源性胶原蛋白的多功能性，分析其生物合成研究的最新进展和面临的挑战，并展望未来的发展方向。希望借此帮助科研人员、工程师和行业从业者更好地理解重组胶原蛋白的研究趋势，推动其在不同应用领域的进一步开发和商业化。

关键词:胶原蛋白;重组胶原蛋白;功能;生物合成

Abstract:

Collagen is the most abundant protein in mammals, accounting for about one-third of human protein. As an important component of the connective tissue and extracellular matrix, collagen is essential for maintaining physiological functions and repairing injuries and has important applications in the fields of medicine, food, and beauty. The main methods for producing collagen are natural extraction, chemical synthesis, and biosynthesis. Natural extraction from animal connective tissue has ethical issues, unstable quality, and infectious disease risks. Chemical synthesis is costly and it is not easy to synthesize complex collagen structures. Biosynthesis enables the production of recombinant collagen for different purposes by genetic engineering in a more controllable, safer, and more precise manner. However, due to the complex structure of collagen, its biosynthesis depends on specific molecular chaperones and modifying enzymes, and thus the production of recombinant collagen is challenging. In addition, different types of collagen need to form particular tissue structures, such as fibril, reticular, or transmembrane structures, which further increases the difficulty of production. This article clarifies the multifunctionality of recombinant human collagen, reviews the latest progress and challenges in its biosynthesis, and looks forward to future development directions. This review aims to help researchers, engineers, and industry practitioners understand the research trends of recombinant collagen and promote its further development and commercialization in different application fields.

Key words:collagen;recombinant collagen;function;biosynthesis