酿酒酵母RNA聚合酶Ⅲ特异亚基的研究进展

Research progress in specific subunits of RNA polymerase III in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

摘要:

酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)是研究真核生物细胞生化机制的经典模式生物。真核生物中主要存在3种RNA聚合酶(RNA polymerase)，分别为RNA聚合酶Ⅰ (RNAPI)、RNA聚合酶Ⅱ (RNAPII)和RNA聚合酶Ⅲ (RNAPIII)。其中，RNA聚合酶Ⅲ的结构最为复杂，包含17个亚基，主要负责合成转运RNA (transfer RNA, tRNA)。相较于包含12个亚基的RNAPII，RNAPⅢ含有一组独特的异三聚体Rpc82/31/34，以及一对与RNAPI同源的异二聚体Rpc53/37。本文综述了RNAPIII中异三聚体和异二聚体的结构与功能，为深入研究酿酒酵母RNAPⅢ特异亚基修饰机制和组装过程提供了理论依据。

Abstract:

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a classic model organism for studying the biochemical mechanisms of eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes have three main types of RNA polymerases: RNA polymerase I (RNAPI), RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), and RNA polymerase III (RNAPIII). Among them, RNAPIII has the most complex structure, consisting of 17 subunits, and it is primarily responsible for the synthesis of transfer RNA (tRNA). Compared with RNAPII consisting of 12 subunits, RNAPIII contains a unique heterotrimer Rpc82/31/34 and a heterodimer Rpc53/37 which is homologous to the counterpart of RNAPI. This paper reviews the structures and functions of the specific heterotrimer and heterodimer in RNAPIII, aiming to lay a theoretical foundation for further studies on the modification mechanisms and assembly processes of specific subunits of RNAPIII in S. cerevisiae.