子实体伴生菌多样性及其生物活性研究进展

Research progress in the diversity and biological activities of fruiting body-associated microbes

摘要:

真菌子实体是重要的药物和食物资源，其中存在丰富多样的伴生微生物。目前，关于子实体内部细菌群落组成的报道已陆续发表，但对于真菌子实体伴生菌的多样性及其生物活性仍知之甚少。子实体与伴生菌之间形成了一个赖以生存的生命有机体，伴生菌能够促进宿主真菌生长，增强其适应性，提高对环境胁迫的抗性，并促进其次生代谢产物的积累。此外，子实体伴生菌还具有抗菌、抗氧化以及抗肿瘤等生物医药活性。本文综述了近年来子实体伴生菌的分离与培养方法，分析了伴生细菌、放线菌和真菌群落多样性，进一步挖掘了子实体伴生菌的生物活性。本文为伴生菌与寄主关系的研究提供了参考，并为子实体伴生菌资源的开发利用奠定了基础。

关键词:子实体;伴生菌;多样性;真菌发育;次生代谢

Abstract:

Fruiting bodies represent pivotal resources with medicinal and edible values, hosting a diverse array of microbes. Although studies have elucidated the composition and structures of bacterial communities inhabiting fruiting bodies, the diversity and biological functions of fruiting body-associated microbes remains elusive. The symbiotic associations between fruiting bodies and their microbial inhabitants play integral roles in promoting the growth, enhancing the adaptation to environmental stresses, and facilitating the accumulation of secondary metabolites of host fungi. Additionally, these fruiting body-associated microbes exhibit promising biomedical properties, including antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-tumor activities. This paper reviews the recent advancements in the isolation and cultivation techniques of these associated microbes, delineates the diversity of associated bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi, elucidates their biological activities, and provide insights into the intricate interactions between associated microbes and their host fungi. This review offers avenues for the future research and utilization of fruiting body-associated microbes.

Key words:fruiting bodies;associated microbes;diversity;fungal development;secondary metabolism