植物内生菌多样性、功能及应用研究进展

Progress in research concerning the diversity, function, and application of plant endophytes

摘要:

植物内生菌是生活在植物组织内部或间隙的无致病性微生物群体，构成了植物微生态环境的关键组成部分。它们种类繁多，广泛分布在宿主植物的不同部位，具有物种多样性、宿主植物多样性、分布多样性和功能多样性。内生菌通过分泌植物生长调节激素，提高宿主植物对营养物质的吸收能力，从而促进植物生长；还能通过增强宿主植物对非生物胁迫和生物胁迫的抗逆性，间接促进植物生长。此外，内生菌能够产生丰富的次生代谢产物，这些化合物具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗氧化等多种生物活性，为新药开发、天然产物提取以及生物农药的研制提供了广阔前景。内生菌在农业、工业及医药领域具有广泛应用，例如作为生物防治剂提高农作物产量、生产天然色素及香料、开发新型药物等。然而，内生菌研究仍面临诸多挑战，包括种类鉴定与功能验证、内生菌与宿主互作的分子机制解析，以及实际应用技术与安全性评价等。

关键词:植物内生菌;多样性;功能机制;应用研究

Abstract:

Plant endophytes are non-pathogenic microbial groups residing inside or in the interstices of plant tissue. They constitute a pivotal component of the plant microecological environment. These organisms are distinguished by their remarkable biodiversity and wide distribution across diverse regions of the host plant. Plant endophytes exhibit high species diversity, host plant diversity, habitat diversity, and functional diversity. They can secrete hormones that regulate plant growth and enhance the nutrient absorption capacity of their hosts to promote plant growth. Additionally, endophytes can promote plant growth indirectly by enhancing the host plant resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Notably, these endophytes are capable of producing substantial secondary metabolites, which exhibit antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, and other biological activities. This capacity offers considerable potential for the development of novel pharmaceuticals, the extraction of natural products, and the creation of biopesticides. Endophytes have a wide range of applications in agriculture, industry, and medicine. They can be used as biocontrol agents to enhance crop yields or used for the production of natural pigments and perfumes and the development of novel pharmaceuticals. However, the research on plant endophytes still faces many challenges in species identification and function verification, molecular mechanism analysis of endophyte-host interactions, practical application technology, and safety evaluation.

Key words:plant endophytes;diversity;functional mechanisms;applied research