生防微生物在棉花黄萎病防治中的研究进展

Research progress of biocontrol microbial strains in prevention of cotton wilt disease

摘要:

黄萎病是影响棉花种植业最重要的病害之一，可导致棉花减产甚至绝收。该病由丝状真菌大丽轮枝菌引发，属土传病害。传统的化学防治方法不仅影响人类健康，还带来环境污染问题，且连年使用易导致大丽轮枝菌产生抗药性。因此，研发针对棉花黄萎病的绿色环保、可持续发展的防治策略迫在眉睫，其中生物防治成为了一个优选方案。本文通过分析国内外最新研究进展，探讨了棉花黄萎病生防微生物菌株的筛选、作用机制及田间应用方式等，总结了生防微生物通过竞争、抗生作用、诱导植物防御反应等多种机制抑制病原菌生长的研究成果。尽管生防微生物的应用前景广阔，但仍面临环境适应性、稳定性和使用成本等挑战。未来研究应更加聚焦于生防微生物菌株的遗传改良、复配菌剂的研制和应用技术的优化，以进一步提升生防微生物菌株在农业生产中的实用性和有效性。

关键词:生防微生物;棉花黄萎病;大丽轮枝菌;作用机制;应用

Abstract:

Cotton Verticillium wilt is the most serious disease affecting cotton cultivation, which could cause a significant decrease in cotton yield or even complete crop failure. Cotton Verticillium wilt is caused by the filamentous fungus Verticillium dahliae. The traditional chemical control affects public health and brings about environmental pollution, and the continuous usage has induced the drug resistance of Verticillium dahliae. Therefore, it is urgent to develop environmental friendly and sustainable development control strategies against cotton Verticillium wilt. Biological control has become a good choice to prevent cotton Verticillium wilt. Based on the analysis of the recent research progress, this review discussed the screening, mechanism of action and field application of biocontrol microbial strains against cotton Verticillium wilt, and summarized the research progress of biocontrol microorganisms inhibiting the growth of pathogen through various mechanisms such as competition, antibiotic action, and inducing plant defense response. Although the application prospects of biocontrol microorganisms are expected, they still face challenges such as environmental adaptability, stability, and usage costs of these biocontrol microorganisms. To further improve the practicality of biocontrol microbial strains in agricultural production, future research should focus on genetic improvement of biocontrol microorganisms, development, and application of the microbial agents and so on.

Key words:biocontrol microbial strains;cotton wilt disease;Verticillium dahliae;action mechanism;application