链霉菌对土传枯萎病和青枯病的防控效果评估及影响因子探究

Control effects of Streptomyces on soil-borne Fusarium wilt and bacterial wilt influencing factors analysis

摘要:

日益严重的土传病害威胁多种作物的生产，影响农业的可持续发展。作为既环保安全又经济长效的生物防治资源，链霉菌生物菌剂已被广泛探究，但其防控效果及影响因素有待进一步优化。目的 探究链霉菌施用对常见土传病害的防控效果及其主要影响因素。方法 基于Web of Science和中国知网(CNKI)数据库，以“链霉菌”和“枯萎病”、“链霉菌”和“青枯病”、“Streptomyces”和“Fusarium oxysporum”、“Streptomyces”和“Ralstonia solanacearum (或Pseudomonas solanacearum)”为关键词进行检索，筛选具有实验组(施用链霉菌)和对照组(不施用链霉菌)的发病率及其样本量和均值的文献，获得防控枯萎病的文献76篇(113组数据)、防控青枯病的文献19篇(28组数据)。结果 施用链霉菌处理后，枯萎病的平均发病率从75.58%降至24.49%，平均防控效率为67.60%；青枯病的平均发病率从73.75%降至19.83%，平均防控效率为73.11%。土壤中链霉菌的数量、土壤中链霉菌/病原菌终浓度比值和气候类型是影响其对2种病害防治效果的主要因素。链霉菌终浓度为10⁷ CFU/g时，对两者的防控效果最佳；在土壤中链霉菌/病原菌终浓度比值为1:1时，对枯萎病的防效较好；比值为10:1和100:1时，对青枯病的防效较好。在热带季风气候区域，链霉菌对2种病害的防控效果较好。结论 应用链霉菌作为生物菌剂防控土传病害时，应在明确致病菌种类的情况下，根据土壤中病原菌的浓度调整链霉菌生物菌剂的施用剂量；此外，在热带季风气候区域施用链霉菌生物菌剂可以达到更好的防控效果。

Abstract:

The aggravating soil-borne diseases threaten the production of a variety of crops and undermine the sustainable development of agriculture. Streptomyces-based bio-agents have been widely explored as an environmentally safe and economically durable biocontrol resource. However, the biocontrol efficacy and influencing factors require further optimization.Objective Here we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of Streptomyces-based bio-agents in controlling the two common soil-borne diseases and identify the key influencing factors.Methods The relevant articles were retrieved from Web of Science and CNKI with the keywords “Streptomyces” and “Fusarium wilt”, “Streptomyces” and “bacterial wilt”, “Streptomyces” and “Fusarium oxysporum”, and “Streptomyces” and “Ralstonia solanacearum (or Pseudomonas solanacearum)”. The articles containing comparable treatment groups (with Streptomyces application) and control groups (without Streptomyces application), disease incidence, sample sizes, and mean values were systematically selected. Finally, 76 articles (113 groups) on Streptomyces-based bio-agents for Fusarium wilt control and 19 articles (28 groups) on those for bacterial wilt control were obtained.Results After the application of Streptomyces-based bio-agents, the disease incidence of Fusarium wilt decreased from 75.58% to 24.49% (average control efficacy of 67.60%), and that of bacterial wilt decreased from 73.75% to 19.83% (average control efficacy of 73.11%). The soil density of Streptomyces, the final concentration ratio of Streptomyces to pathogen in soil, and climate types were vital for the biocontrol performance of Streptomyces-based bio-agents. Moreover, Streptomyces at the final concentration of 10⁷ CFU/g demonstrated the best biocontrol performance on both diseases. The biocontrol effect of Streptomyces on Fusarium wilt was better when the final concentration ratio of Streptomyces to pathogen was 1:1, whereas the biocontrol effect on bacterial wilt disease was better when the ratio was 10:1 or 100:1. Notably, Streptomyces demonstrated enhanced biocontrol effects on the both diseases in tropical monsoon climate regions.Conclusion The application dose of Streptomyces-based bio-agents in soil-borne disease management should be adjusted according to the species and concentration of the pathogen. In addition, it may be better to apply Streptomyces-based bio-agents in tropical monsoon climate regions.