瘤胃中木质纤维素降解菌及降解酶基因的研究进展

Progresses in the research in Lignocellulose Degrading Bacteria and their genes encoding cellulase/hemicellulase in Rumen-A review

摘要:

摘要：反刍动物瘤胃是公认的木质纤维素高效降解的天然反应器，对瘤胃微生物的研究成为开发生物能源的热点领域之一。其研究手段已经从传统的依赖分离培养从瘤胃中获得木质纤维素降解菌，并对降解菌中的木质纤维素降解酶逐一分析，发展到通过基因组/元基因组技术，直接从瘤胃中发现获得大量新的木质纤维素降解酶基因/基因簇，进而探讨其降解的分子机理。已有的研究结果表明，瘤胃微生物降解木质纤维素的过程非常复杂，其中涉及到大量不同种类的微生物、酶及基因/基因簇，随着新分析技术的建立和完善，对这些微生物、酶和基因的研究已取得了诸多进展。本论文综述报道了近期有关该方向的研究进展。

Abstract:

Abstract：Rumen of ruminant animals is known as a natural reactor involved in highly efficient lignocellulose degradation. The research on rumen microbes is a subject of keen interest in terms of biofuel development. Traditionally, the studies were dependent on isolating of fibrolytic bacteria, and thereafter the lignocellulose degrading enzymes were analyzed individually. With the development of genomic or metagenomic technologies, a variety of new genes or gene clusters associated with lignocellulose degrading enzymes could be found in rumen, based on which lignocellulose degrading mechanism could be studied and discussed. Previous studies indicate that the lignocellulose degradation process of rumen microorganism is much more complicated, which includes a large number of different rumen microorganisms, enzymes, genes or gene clusters. With the development and maturation of new analysis technologies, much progress on these rumen microbes, enzymes, genes has been made. This review reported the recent progress about these researches.