适应玉米生产的溶磷真菌筛选及其应用

Screening and application of phosphate-dissolving microorganism suitable for corn production

摘要:

摘要：【目的】从土壤中筛选溶磷菌株，提供适应玉米生产的溶磷微生物。【方法】利用难溶磷无机盐培养基从作物根际土壤样品中筛选溶磷菌株，通过菌株在土豆液体培养基培养过程中培养液pH的变化确定溶磷菌株的溶磷能力。利用菌株在平板和土壤中对玉米根系的适应性，选择对玉米适应性好的菌株应用到盆栽实验和大田实验。【结果】从土壤中筛选到具有较高溶磷效果的真菌15株，经鉴定其中9株为草酸青霉，2株为变幻青霉，1株为刺孢青霉、1株为绿色木霉、1株为黑曲霉、1株为构巢曲霉。15株真菌能够显著降低PDB溶液的pH值，其中5株能够将溶液的pH从7.0降到2.0以下。实验室平板和土培试验发现菌株Z15+、ZQ3、ZI1、Zh和Z30能够在以玉米根系分泌物为C源的平板和土壤中很好地生长、定殖，表明这5株菌能够有效利用玉米的根系分泌物。将这5株菌进行盆栽种植玉米，菌株ZI1和Zh处理后，能显著的提高土壤中的有效磷含量，在第49天时，有效磷含量分别高于土壤初始含量的28.05%和37.04%，收获的玉米干重比对照分别高26.04%和20.21%。将菌株ZI1和Zh制成菌剂进行大田试验，试验结果表明菌剂Zh使大田玉米产量提高13.22%，达到10873.05 kg/hm2。而使用ZI1菌剂的大田玉米产量与CK相比没有显著差异。【结论】本实验获得的适应玉米的溶磷菌株Zh为构巢曲霉。

Abstract:

Abstract: [Objective] To obtain phosphate-dissolving strains which can be suitable for corn production. [Methods] We screened phosphate-dissolving strains from soil samples. We conducted the plate experiment and soil experiment in laboratory, pot experiment in greenhouse and field experiment to test the insoluble phosphate dissolving ability of the strains. [Results] Fifteen strains of phosphate-dissolving fungi were isolated from soil samples, including 9 Penicillium oxalicum, 2 Penicillium variabile, 1 Penicillium aculeatum, 1 Trichoderma viride, 1 Aspergillus niger, and 1 Aspergillus nidulans. The 15 strains could obviously drop the pH in culture media. Five strains (Z15+、ZQ3、ZI1、Zh and Z30) reduced the pH value from 7.0 to below 2.0 in 18 h. The plate experiment and soil experiment in laboratory indicated that these 5 strains could propagate in plates and soil by using the root secretion of corn as sole carbon source. The pot experiment inoculating with the 5 strains was conducted in greenhouse by planting corn. The result demonstrated that the content of available phosphorous was increased remarkably with strains ZI1 and Zh. The content of available phosphorous at 49th day increased 28.05% and 37.04%, respectively, than initial content in strains ZI1 and Zh treatment. The dry matter yield of corn significantly increased 26.04% and 20.21% than the control, respectively. Then strains ZI1 and Zh were used in field experiment as microbial inoculums. The yield of corn treated with strain Zh increased 13.22% than that of the control, reaching 10873.05 kg/ha. However, the yield of corn treated with strain ZI1 presented no significant difference with the control. [Conclusion] The phosphate－dissolving strain Zh obtained in this experiment was identified as Aspergillus nidulans ,which is suitable for corn production.