合成微生物群落驱动的二氧化碳固定转化体系设计与构建

Design and construction of carbon dioxide fixation and transformation systems driven by synthetic microbial consortia

摘要:

随着“碳中和”目标的提出，利用微生物将二氧化碳(CO ₂)转化为高附加值化学品、燃料及生物材料已成为清洁能源与绿色化工领域的重要发展方向。单一菌株的碳转化体系虽具备较好的可控性，但实际应用中仍面临代谢负荷过重、固碳通量受限、能量与还原力供给不足、产物得率偏低及工艺放大困难等多重挑战。相比之下，合成微生物群落可通过理性设计不同功能微生物的组合，实现代谢分工、分担代谢负担、提升固碳效率、增加产物多样性，进而提升产物价值，推动CO ₂固定技术的工业化落地。本文综述了当前合成微生物群落在CO ₂转化体系中的应用进展，涵盖以固碳模块划分的光能驱动系统、氢能驱动系统，以及具备更高应用安全性的潜在化能系统；总结了基于合成微生物群落构建碳循环体系的核心设计原则，梳理了当前领域面临的关键挑战与未来发展方向，可为构建高效稳定的人工碳循环系统提供理论与实践参考。

Abstract:

With the proposal of carbon neutrality goals, microbial conversion of CO ₂ into high-value chemicals, fuels, and biomaterials has emerged as an important strategy for clean energy and green manufacturing. Although single-strain carbon fixation systems have ideal controllability, they still face limitations, including heavy metabolic burden, limited carbon fixation flux, insufficient energy and reducing power supply, low yield, and challenges in industrial-scale application. In contrast, synthetic microbial consortia enable rational metabolic division of labor among functionally distinct microorganisms, thereby alleviating metabolic burden, enhancing carbon fixation efficiency, and expanding product diversity. These advantages further improve product value and promote the industrial application of CO ₂ fixation. This review summarizes recent advances in the application of synthetic microbial consortia for CO ₂ conversion, including photosynthesis-driven systems, hydrogen-driven systems, and potentially safer chemoautotrophic systems classified according to carbon fixation modules. In addition, this paper discusses the design principles for constructing carbon cycling systems based on synthetic microbial consortia, together with current challenges and future perspectives, providing theoretical and practical guidance for the development of efficient and stable artificial carbon cycling systems.