番木瓜果实内生细菌MGP3 菌株的鉴定及拮抗作用

Identification and antagonistic activities of an endophytic bacterium MGP3 isolated from papaya fruit

摘要:

摘要: 【目的】从番木瓜果皮内筛选具有较强拮抗活性的内生细菌防治番木瓜采后炭疽病和疫霉病，以减少果实采后病害带来的损失。【方法】采用稀释分离和平板抑菌圈法进行内生细菌的分离筛选，结合形态特征、生理生化特性及16S rDNA 部分序列同源性分析对菌株进行鉴定，菌株经利福平诱抗处理后田间接种到果树树干上，测定内生菌的定殖动态，采用采前和采后生防试验测定菌株对番木瓜炭疽病和疫霉病的生防效果。【结果】从番木瓜果皮中分离筛选到一株具有拮抗活性的内生细菌MGP3，对10 种病原菌有较强的拮抗作用，鉴定该细菌为铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa，登录号JF708186) ，MGP3 可进入番木瓜叶片、叶柄和果皮中定殖。MGP3 对采后番木瓜炭疽病和疫霉病的防治效果分别达到50% 和71% ; 除苗期外，采前4个不同时期经MGP3 菌液处理可以显著降低采收后果实炭疽菌的潜伏侵染率和炭疽病的病情指数。【结论】番木瓜内生拮抗细菌MGP3 具有潜在的生防应用价值。

Abstract:

Abstract: ［Objective］Postharvest decay resulted from anthracnose caused by pathogens Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and blight diseases caused by Phytophthora nicotianae leads to significant loss of papaya fruits． In order to reduce such loss，we isolated endophytic bacteria that may possess powerful antagonistic activities toward these pathogens for effective biological control of anthracnose and blight diseases． Methods］The methods of dilution and inhibition circle were used for isolating and screening endophytic bacteria from papaya fruit． Based on morphological，physiological and biochemical characteristics，and homology analysis of the partial sequence of 16S rDNA，an endophytic bacterium was identified．The colonization of the antagonistic endophyte in papaya was detected by inoculating suspension of strains in caudices of papaya plant after Rifampicin-resistant mutants (rifr) induction．The effects on diseases caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Phytophthora nicotianae were tested by preharvest and postharvest experiments．[Results] One of the endophytic bacteria named MGP3 was selected from the papaya pericarp and identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( Accession No．JF708186)．This bacterium was able to colonize in the laminae，leafstalk or pericarp of papaya，and strongly inhibit 10 phytopathogens． In the postharvest experiment，MGP3 inhibited 50% anthracnose and 71% blight of harvested papaya fruits．The application of MGP3 at five preharvest stages of papaya significantly reduced latent infection rate of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and disease index of anthracnose．［Conclusion］Antagonistic endophytic bacterium MGP3 isolated from papaya fruit had potential application value as a biological control agent．