巨型噬菌体的研究进展

Research progress in jumbo phages

摘要:

在后抗生素时代，噬菌体疗法是对抗耐药菌的重要候选武器。噬菌体具有丰富的多样性，其中的巨型噬菌体是一类基因组大于200 kb的噬菌体。由于其基因组容量大，功能基因类型丰富且排布分散。巨型噬菌体在生物学机制上具有许多特性，如拥有超大的噬菌体颗粒、独特的复制周期和结构(如核状区室、内体和长波浪卷曲尾丝)等。本文旨在对巨型噬菌体及其研究进展进行综述，重点剖析其生物学特点、基因组与进化、特殊的复制机制与结构，并探讨其在抗耐药菌感染、环境治理、水产养殖和生物防治等领域的应用潜力，为巨型噬菌体的相关研究和应用提供参考与启示。

Abstract:

In the post-antibiotic era, phage therapy becomes a candidate for treating drug-resistant bacteria. Phages are diverse, and jumbo phages are a class of phages with genomes longer than 200 kb. Their large genomes carry abundant functional genes with scattered distribution. Jumbo phages have a variety of unique biological characteristics, such as oversized phage particles, unique replication cycles, and unique structures such as the nucleus-like compartment, the “inner body”, and the long-wavy curly tail fiber. This paper reviews the research progress in jumbo phages, focusing on their biological characteristics, genomes, evolution, and special replication mechanisms and structures. Furthermore, this review explores the application potential of jumbo phages in the treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infection, environmental management, aquaculture, and biocontrol, aiming to provide reference and implications for the research and application of jumbo phages.