类诺卡氏属放线菌的研究进展

Recent advance on the genus Nocardioides—A review

摘要:

摘要:Prauser H．最初于1976 年从土壤中分离到17 株诺卡氏形态放线菌，综合形态、生理生化特性和部分化学分类特征的研究结果，提议建立了一个新属———类诺卡氏属(Nocardioides)，并以新种白色类诺卡氏菌(N．albus) 为典型种。之后，随着分离、纯培养和分类方法的发展，越来越多的新成员从各种不同环境中分离得到。尽管这些菌来源广泛，形态和生理生化等特征各异，但他们拥有共同的属的特征。过去的50 年中，随着放线菌研究的发展，该属中部分成员历经了分类地位的变迁和修订。到目前为止，该属共收纳了56 个有效描述种。类诺卡氏属(Nocardioides) 放线菌在农业、工业、化工业等方面也曾有应用研究报道。本文就类诺卡氏属放线菌的建立依据，属的特征，属内种的分布和变更以及它们在工农业上的应用研究前景及进展进行了综述。

Abstract:

Abstract:The Nocardioides genus was established by Prauser H．in 1976 according to morphological and physiological characteristics，as well as partial chemotaxonomic analyses of 17 nocardio-form actinobacteria isolated from soil，based on which a novel species Nocardioides albus was proposed as the type species． With the development in the technologies of isolation，purification and taxonomy，more and more members of this genus with varied morphological，physiological and biochemical characteristics were increasingly discovered from different sources，while all of them shared the same diagnostic characteristics of the genus． In the past 50 years，some of the members of the genus Nocardioides were ever transferred in or out and then some species description was ever emended． Till date，there were 56 validly described species in this genus． Some members of this genus were used in agriculture and industry． The objective of this review is to summarize the research advances in the genus Nocardioides，such as the changes of the taxonomic position and emendation description of the species as well as the application prospect in industry and agriculture．