重金属全细胞微生物传感器：设计原理、优化策略及监测应用

Whole-cell microbial biosensors for heavy metals: design principles, optimization strategies, and monitoring applications

摘要:

重金属因其毒性、持久性、生物蓄积性以及对抗性基因的潜在贡献等特点，已引起人们越来越多的关注。对环境中重金属进行准确、快速、高效和灵敏的监测，对于保护环境和人体健康具有重要意义。全细胞微生物传感器作为一种集成生物识别模块与传感处理模块的生物监测技术，为环境重金属污染的监测提供了新的解决方案。近年来，基于转录因子的全细胞微生物传感器在重金属监测应用方面取得了显著进展。本文综述了重金属全细胞微生物传感器的基本组成及设计原理，总结了近年来研发的重金属全细胞微生物传感器的构建及其应用情况，分析了通过合成生物学技术优化重金属全细胞微生物传感器检测性能的应用实例，并展望了该领域面临的挑战及未来可能的研究方向。本文有望为环境中重金属污染的高效监测与有效防控提供重要参考。

关键词:重金属;全细胞微生物传感器;设计;优化;应用

Abstract:

Heavy metal pollution has attracted increasing attention because of its toxicity, environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential contribution to antibiotic resistance. The accurate, rapid, efficient, and sensitive detection of heavy metals in the environment is of great significance for environmental protection and human health. A whole-cell microbial biosensor (WCMB), integrating a biorecognition module and a signal processing module, provides a new strategy for heavy metal monitoring. Great progress has been achieved in the transcription factor-based WCMBs for the monitoring of heavy metals in recent years. This paper introduced the basic composition and design principles of WCMBs, summarized the construction and application of WCMBs for heavy metal detection that were developed in recent years, analyzed the optimization strategies of WCMBs by synthetic biology, and finally prospected the future research directions of WCMBs. This paper is expected to be an important reference for the effective prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in the environment.

Key words:heavy metals;whole-cell microbial biosensor;design;optimization;application