发酵豆粕对盐酸洛哌丁胺诱导小鼠便秘的缓解作用

Fermented soybean meal relieves constipation induced by loperamide hydrochloride in mice

摘要:

目的 探究植物乳植杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) DY6及其发酵豆粕对便秘小鼠的缓解作用及潜在机制，寻找一种绿色安全的生物饲料添加剂。方法 采用盐酸洛哌丁胺构建小鼠便秘模型，通过长期饲喂DY6发酵豆粕饲料和灌胃DY6菌液2种干预方式，以利那洛肽为阳性对照，系统评估发酵豆粕对便秘小鼠肠道功能、免疫因子、代谢产物及微生物群落的影响。结果 与便秘模型组相比，长期摄入DY6发酵豆粕饲料能显著提高粪便含水率、肠道蠕动能力(P<0.05)，改善结肠组织杯状细胞减少和淋巴细胞聚集现象，显著降低血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6 (interleukin-6, IL-6)和血管活性肠肽(vasoactive intestinal peptide, VIP)水平(P<0.05)，显著增加粪便中乙酸和丁酸含量(P<0.01)。属水平显著差异物种与便秘理化指标相关性分析显示，DY6发酵豆粕饲料显著增加的臭气杆菌属(Odoribacter)和布劳特氏菌属(Blautia)等益生菌与缓解便秘的指标呈正相关，显著降低的致病菌螺杆菌属(Helicobacter)和Colidextribacter与缓解便秘的指标呈负相关。结论 DY6发酵豆粕饲料通过调节肠道微生物及其代谢产物，调控肠腔内电解质平衡，抑制炎症相关信号通路，进而改善便秘症状，为开发具有防治动物便秘的功能性生物饲料添加剂提供了新的应用形式和理论依据。

Abstract:

Objective To study the relieving effects and potential mechanisms of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DY6 and the soybean meal fermented with this strain on constipation in mice and to develop non-toxic feed additives with probiotic potential.Methods Constipation was induced in male BALB/c mice by gavege of loperamide hydrochloride. The modeled mice underwent long-term feeding with the soybean meal fermented with DY6 or gavage with DY6 suspension. Linaclotide served as the positive control. We then systematically assessed the effects of fermented soybean meal on intestinal functions, immune factors, metabolic profiles, and gut microbiota in constipated mice.Results Compared with the model group, long-term intake of the soybean meal fermented with DY6 increased fecal moisture content and intestinal motility (P<0.05), ameliorated goblet cell reduction and lymphocyte aggregation in the colon tissue, lowered the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (P<0.05), and elevated the fecal levels of acetic acid and butyric acid (P<0.01). The fermented soybean meal modulated the gut microbiota structure. Specifically, the significantly enriched probiotics Odoribacter and Blautia were positively correlated with indicators of relieving constipation, while the significantly reduced pathogenic bacteria Helicobacter and Colidextribacter were negatively correlated with indicators of relieving constipation.Conclusion The soybean meal fermented with DY6 alleviates constipation by modulating the gut microbiota structure and metabolic profiles, restoring intestinal electrolyte homeostasis, and suppressing inflammation-associated signaling pathways. This intervention establishes novel applications and a theoretical framework for developing functional biological feed additives capable of both preventing and managing constipation in animals.