补充复合益生菌对中国式摔跤运动员肠道菌群结构、短链脂肪酸含量与炎性因子浓度的影响

The impact of compound probiotics supplementation on gut microbiota structure, short-chain fatty acids profile, and inflammatory cytokine levels in Chinese wrestlers

摘要:

【目的】观察补充复合益生菌对中国式摔跤运动员肠道菌群结构、短链脂肪酸(short chain fatty acids,SCFAs)含量与炎性因子浓度的影响。【方法】招募18名山东省体育学院非体育专业在校大学生为对照组，30名中国式摔跤运动员作为实验组；两组受试者均按计划口服复合益生菌8周。在复合益生菌干预前、后空腹采集静脉血，并收集粪便样本。采用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)测定血浆中的炎性因子浓度；采用16S rRNA基因测序技术分析其肠道菌群结构特征，测定区域为V3−V4区；采用气相色谱-质谱联用(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)检测粪便中SCFAs的含量。【结果】干预前，中国式摔跤运动员血浆中白细胞介素-1(interleukin 1,IL-1)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin 6,IL-6)和C反应蛋白(C reactive protein,CRP)浓度均显著低于对照组(P<0.001，P<0.01，P<0.01)，白细胞介素10(interleukin 10,IL-10)浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.001)；8周复合益生菌干预后，中国式摔跤运动员血浆中IL-6和CRP浓度均呈进一步显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.05)。干预前，中国式摔跤运动员肠道菌群中青春双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium adolescentis)的丰度显著高于对照组(P<0.01)；8周复合益生菌干预后，中国式摔跤运动员组柯林斯氏菌属(Collinsella)丰度显著增加(P<0.01)，而栖粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium)丰度显著降低(P<0.01)；其肠道菌群α多样性显著降低(P<0.01)。干预前，中国式摔跤运动员粪便中短链脂肪酸含量与对照组之间未见显著差异；8周复合益生菌干预后，对照组粪便样本中乙酸、丁酸的含量均显著增加(P<0.01，P<0.05)，中国式摔跤运动员粪便样本中乙酸、丁酸的含量均显著增加(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果提示，中国式摔跤运动员的青春双歧杆菌丰度与血浆中IL-10浓度呈显著正相关(r=0.233，P=0.037)；青春双歧杆菌丰度和产气柯林斯氏菌丰度与血浆中IL-6浓度呈显著负相关(r=−0.499，P=0.000；r=−0.366，P=0.001)；产气柯林斯氏菌丰度与粪便中丁酸含量呈显著正相关(r=0.243，P=0.032)。【结论】中国式摔跤运动员经8周复合益生菌干预可有效降低血浆促炎因子浓度，提高抗炎因子浓度，提升其肠道菌群中产丁酸菌的丰度，并使其短链脂肪酸生成增加，进而可有效提升其机体抗炎能力。

Abstract:

[Objective] To observe the effects of supplementing compound probiotics on the structure of gut microbiota, content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and levels of inflammatory cytokines in Chinese wrestlers. [Methods] Eighteen non-sports undergraduates from Shandong Sport University were recruited as a control group, while 30 Chinese wrestlers served as the experimental group. Both groups received oral compound probiotics for 8 weeks. Venous blood and stool samples were collected before and after the intervention. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure inflammatory cytokines levels in plasma. The structural characteristics of gut microbiota were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V3−V4 region, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to determine SCFAs content in stool samples. [Results] Prior to the intervention, the experimental group exhibited lower levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C reactive protein (CRP) (P<0.001, P<0.01, P<0.01), and higher levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) compared to the control group (P<0.001). After 8 weeks of probiotic supplementation, plasma levels of IL-6 and CRP in the Chinese wrestlers further declined (P<0.01, P<0.05). Before the intervention, the abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis was higher in Chinese wrestlers than that in the control group (P<0.01). Following 8 weeks of supplementation, Chinese wrestlers showed an increased abundance of Collinsella (P<0.01), a decreased abundance of Faecalibacterium (P<0.01), and reduced α-diversity in gut microbiota (P<0.01). Prior to the intervention, there was no significant difference in SCFAs content between the two groups. After 8 weeks of intervention with compound probiotics, the content of acetic acid and butyric acid in the stool samples increased in both the control group (P<0.01, P<0.05) and the experimental group (P<0.05). The correlation analysis results indicated a positive correlation between B. adolescentis abundance and plasma IL-10 level (r=0.233, P=0.037) and negative correlations of B. adolescentis and C. aerofaciens abundance with plasma IL-6 level (r=−0.499, P=0.000; r=−0.366, P=0.001) in Chinese wrestlers. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between C. aerofaciens abundance and the butyric acid content in stool samples of Chinese wrestlers (r=0.243, P=0.032). [Conclusion] The 8 weeks intervention with compound probiotics effectively reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine levels in plasma. Furthermore, it enhanced the abundance of butyric acid-producing bacteria in the gut microbiota, promoting the production of SCFAs, and improving anti-inflammatory capacity.