微生物碳捕集与利用技术路径碳足迹与经济性分析展望

Carbon footprint and techno-economic analysis of microbial carbon capture and utilization technology pathways: a prospective review

摘要:

微生物碳捕集与利用技术作为碳捕集利用与封存技术的重要分支，正成为连接“碳中和”与“可持续生物经济”的关键桥梁。本文系统梳理了CO₂合成淀粉、蛋白、微藻生物质、乙醇4条技术路径的研究进展，并以乙醇为典型案例开展碳足迹和经济评估分析。研究发现：微生物碳捕集与利用技术的减碳潜力取决于能量供给方式与产品价值定位；合成生物学与电催化技术的深度融合正在重塑碳利用的经济性边界。研究可为技术路线选择、研发投入决策与政策制定提供参考依据。

Abstract:

As an important branch of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology, microbial carbon capture and utilization technology has become a vital bridge linking carbon neutrality and the sustainable bioeconomy. This paper systematically reviews the research progress in four technical pathways for converting CO₂ into starch, protein, microalgae biomass, and ethanol, and conducts carbon footprint and techno-economic analysis with ethanol as a typical case. The results indicate that the carbon reduction potential of microbial carbon capture and utilization technology depends on the supply mode of energy and value positioning of products. The in-depth integration of synthetic biology and electrocatalysis is reshaping the economic boundaries of carbon utilization. This study can provide references for technical pathway selection, research and development investment decision-making, and policy formulation.