成簇的规律间隔的短回文重复序列CRISPR 的研究进展

Advances in clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats—A review

摘要:

摘要: 最近发现，在细菌和古菌中广泛存在的成簇的规律间隔的短回文重复序列( clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats，CRISPR) 及其相关蛋白是针对噬菌体、质粒等外源DNA 的获得性和可遗传的免疫系统。本文综述了CRISPR 系统的基本结构、多样性、作用机理及其区分自我与非我的机制，并对CRISPR 研究和应用前景进行了展望。

关键词:关键词: 成簇的规律间隔的短回文重复序列，多样性，作用机理，RNA 干扰

Abstract:

Abstract: The recently discovered Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPRs) can protect bacteria and archaea with adaptive and heritable defense systems against the invasion of phage- and plasmid- associated mobile genetic elements． Here，we review the structure，diversity，mechanism of interference and self versus non-self discrimination of CRISPR systems． We also discuss the potential applications of this novel interference system．

Key words:Keywords: clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat ( CRISPR) ，diversity，mechanism of action，RNA interference