稠油降解菌的筛选及其对胶质降解作用

Isolation of viscous-oil degrading microorganism and biodegradation to resin

摘要:

摘要:【目的】以胶质为唯一碳源，从中海油南堡35-2 油田地层水中经富集培养，为海上油田稠油降解及提高稠油采收率研究奠定基础。【方法】利用富集培养和胶质平板法分离胶质降解菌株，对分离菌株通过形态特征、16S rRNA 基因进行鉴定，对菌株的理化性质进行分析，并对其降解胶质和稠油的性能进行研究。【结果】分离筛选出细菌菌株21 株，并从中筛选出性能较好的4 株。经鉴定为分别为Q4-油杆菌(Petrobacter sp.)、QB9-嗜热脂肪地芽胞杆菌(Geobacillus stearothermophilus)、QB26-地衣芽胞杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)、QB36-白色地芽胞杆菌(Geobacillus pallidus)，其中QB26 菌株效果最好，对该菌株的理化性质进行了分析，并对其降解胶质和稠油的性能进行了研究。结果显示，该菌株可在厌氧条件下生长，并能适应地层环境。分离菌株作用稠油后，饱和烃相对含量均有不同程度的上升，芳香烃、胶质、沥青质相对含量降低，能使胶质相对含量降低5.1%，沥青质相对含量降低2.7%。【结论】分离菌株对NB35-2 油田稠油中的胶质具有一定的降解作用，在微生物采油和原油污染处理方面具有应用潜力。

关键词:关键词: 稠油，胶质，粘度，地衣芽胞杆菌，生物降解

Abstract:

Abstract:［Objective］The aim of this study was to isolate bacterial strains with high-efficiency to degrade resins．［Methods］We used resin-plate to isolate resin-degrading bacteria from the formation water of Nanbao35-2 oil field，China National Offshore Oil Corporation． The morphological properties and the sequence homology of 16S rRNA were used to identify the strains． The changes of four fractions contents and the infrared spectrometry of the heavy oil were used to analyze the degradation properties． ［Results］Four strains，Q4，QB9，QB26 and QB36，were isolated using resin as the sole carbon source． Based on the high sequence similarities (more than 99%) of 16S rDNA sequences analysis． These strains were identified as member of the Petrobacter sp． ，Geobacillus stearothermophilus，Bacillus licheniformis，Geobacillus pallidus，respectively． QB26，a Bacillus licheniformis，was the most efficient strain，it can grow well under anaerobic conditions，emulsify heavy oil well，and degrade resin and asphaltene in heavy oil． The relative content of saturated hydrocarbons in heavy oil increase after degradation，and the relative content of resin and asphaltene in heavy oil decreased 5. 1% and 2. 7% ，respectively． ［Conclusion］ The strains isolated from Nanbao 35-2 oil field formation water could degrade resin and heavy oil． They have potential values in microbial enhanced oil recovery and oil pollution treatment．

Key words:Keywords: extra-heavy oil，resin，viscosity，Bacillus licheniformis，biodegradation