云冈石窟石质文物表面及周边岩石样品中微生物群落分析

Analysis of microbial community on the surface of the historic stone and nearby rock samples in Yungang Grottoes

摘要:

摘要:【目的】通过对云冈石窟石质文物表面及云冈石窟周边岩石样品中微生物的研究，建立可用于快速检测石质文物中微生物的方法。【方法】选取云冈石窟石质样品和云冈石窟周边岩石样品作为研究对象，应用PCR-DGGE 技术对样品中的微生物群落结构进行了分析研究。【结果】根据系统发育树聚类分析，可以得出云冈石窟中检测出的微生物主要分为四大类群:γ-变形菌纲、鞘脂杆菌门、α-变形菌纲和放线菌纲; 根据GenBank 数据库中的序列比对结果，可以知道云冈石窟周边类似岩石样品中的微生物主要属于γ-变形菌纲、厚壁菌门和α-变形菌纲等。【结论】本实验成功检测出云冈石窟石质样品表面及云冈石窟周边岩石样品中的微生物类群，为云冈石窟的保护工作提供了有力依据，同时也证明了DEEG 和分子克隆技术相结合的方法是检测石质文物中微生物群落结构的一种可操作性强、快速、准确的检测手段。

Abstract:

Abstract:［Objective］In order to study the microorganisms on the surface of the ancient stones in Yungang Grottoes and nearby rock samples，a rapid microbial detection assay was designed．［Methods］ The microbial community composition from the rock samples of the Yungang Grottoes and nearby was analyzed by PCR-DGGE． ［Results］ According to the phylogenetic analysis，the microbes from the rock samples of Yungang Grottoes were divided into four groups: Gammaproteobacteria，Sphingobacteria，Alpha-proteobacter and Actinobacteria． By aligning the sequencing results in GenBank，Gamma-proteobacteria，Firmicutes and Alpha-proteobacter were found in the rock samples near Yungang Grottoes．［Conclusion］ Our research successfully detected the microbial community composition on the surface of the rock samples in and near the Yungang Grottoes，which brought us significant theoretical basis for the future protection of the Yungang Grottoes． We also proved that the combination of DGGE and molecular cloning was a useful，rapid and accurate method for detecting the microbial community composition on stone relics．