诺如病毒流行株GⅡ.4型进化研究进展

Norovirus epidemic strain GⅡ.4 evolution-A review

摘要:

摘要:诺如病毒是目前全球流行性腹泻的首要病原，具有丰富的遗传多样性，其中GⅡ.4型作为主要流行基因型，二十多年来通过自身变异持续感染着人类。近年来，随着病毒受体的发现以及对免疫特异性的理解，有关诺如病毒进化机制的研究得到了不断的深入，有假说提出，结合受体的转换与抗原位点的漂移是GⅡ.4型病毒进化的主要因素。同时，作为RNA病毒，高变异率及有限的基因组变异空间也决定了诺如病毒的进化方向。

Abstract:

Abstract:Noroviruses are regarded as the leading cause of epidemic gastroenteritis all over the world，with a wealth of genetic diversity．And GⅡ.4 is regarded as the predominant strain，which has constantly infected humans attributed to a fast rate of evolution in the past two ecades． With the discovery of virus binding-receptor and understanding of immune specificity，the research of evolution mechanism of the virus has been continuously developed recently． It has been hypothesized that the receptor switching and antigenic drift maintains GII． 4 persistence in human populations．Also the RNA viruses，high mutation rate and the limited space of genomic variation have also affected the direction of norovirus evolution.