兼性甲烷氧化菌的发现历程

Research progress and discovery process of facultative methanotrophs—A review

摘要:

摘要:兼性甲烷氧化菌在新陈代谢上具有独一无二的特性:它们能够利用甲烷或一些含碳碳键的有机物作为唯一碳源和能源。甲基细胞菌属(Methylocella)、甲基孢囊菌属(Methylocystis)和甲基帽菌属(Methylocapsa)的一些菌株已经被确定为兼性甲烷氧化菌。它们都属于a-变形菌纲，能够像利用甲烷一样在大分子有机酸或乙醇里生长。本文全面系统地总结了兼性甲烷氧化菌的研究发展历史，推断出兼性甲烷氧化菌易在酸性环境富集生长;介绍了与之有相近功能的兼性甲烷氧化生物;浅析了其对多碳化合物的代谢机理;最后讨论了兼性甲烷氧化菌研究的现存问题和工程应用前景。

关键词:关键词:兼性甲烷氧化菌，代谢，甲烷，甲基孢囊菌

Abstract:

Abstract:Facultative methanotrophs are a group of phylogenetically diverse microorganisms characterized by their ability to use methane and some other compounds containing C-C bond as their sole source of carbon and energy． Recently，facultative methanotrophs in the genera Methylocella， Methylocapsa and Methylocystis，which belong to the Alphaproteobacteria，have been reported that can grow on larger organic acids or ethanol for some species，as well as methane．In this paper，the research history of facultative methanotrophs was summarized systematically，some other facultative methane-oxidizing microorganisms were introduced， the metabolic mechanisms of utilizing multi-carbon compounds by facultative methanotrophs were analyzed，and the current problems and the future engineering applications were discussed．

Key words:Keywords: facultative methanotrophy，metabolism，methane，Methylocystis