真菌非编码RNA

Non-coding RNA in fungi—A review

摘要:

摘要:非编码RNAs(non-coding RNA，ncRNAs)是一类在生物体中广泛存在的且不编码蛋白质的功能性RNA分子，直接在RNA 水平发挥作用，影响生物体的生命活动。动植物ncRNAs 的研究已有大量的文献报道，而真菌ncRNAs 的研究报道则相对较少。近年来，随着研究技术的进步，人们在真菌中也发现了不少种类的ncRNAs，如snoRNA 派生的ncRNAs、长片段ncRNAs(long non-coding RNAs，lncRNAs)、干扰小RNA(small interfering RNAs，siRNAs)、Killer 双链RNA 病毒，及丝状真菌的新型ncRNAs 等。这些ncRNAs在真菌中具有多种多样的生物学功能，涉及基因的转录翻译、RNA 加工修饰、染色体结构稳定性，以及真菌致病性等。因此，研究真菌ncRNAs 不仅能为了解真菌的基因表达调控系统和生长提供重要信息，也能为阐明致病性真菌的致病机理提供新思路，对真菌性疾病的治疗具有重大意义。本文对真菌ncRNAs的发现、起源、分类、生物学功能等进行了综述，以期为进一步深入研究真菌ncRNAs提供一定的理论与研究基础。

Abstract:

Abstract:Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) existing widely in many living organisms are functional RNA molecules，function directly as structural or regulatory RNAs in organisms．Although large and diverse populations of ncRNAs have been extensively studied and well understood in animals and plants，few reports could be found about ncRNAs in fungi．Recently，with the development of modern biological techniques，a number of ncRNAs have been identified in fungi， including snoRNA-derived RNAs，long non-coding RNAs，small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)，dsRNA Killer viruses，and novel classes of ncRNAs discovered in filamentous fungi．These ncRNAs play important roles in gene transcription and translation，RNA processing and modifying，chromatin structure，and even fungal pathogenicity．Therefore，studies on ncRNAs in fungi may shed light on the regulatory system of gene expression and the characteristics of fungal growth，and even provide some clues towards understanding pathogenic mechanisms of pathogenic fungi，which will contribute to the treatment of fungal diseases． Here，we reviewed the discovery of fungal ncRNAs，their origins and processing，classification，and biological functions，aiming to establish a theoretical foundation and basis for deep understanding of fungal ncRNAs in future．