施用拮抗菌饼肥发酵液和土壤消毒剂对香蕉枯萎病病区土壤细菌群落的影响

Effect of antagonistic bacteria and soil disinfectant on soil bacterium community in banana fusarium wilt disease area

摘要:

摘要:【目的】探明施用拮抗菌饼肥发酵液与土壤消毒剂对香蕉枯萎病的防控效果及对土壤微生物的影响。【方法】在大田栽培条件下，采用Biolog 和T-RFLP 的方法研究了各处理在不同时期土壤微生物细菌的功能多样性及群落特征。【结果】结果表明，施用拮抗菌饼肥发酵液和土壤消毒剂均显著降低了香蕉枯萎病的病情指数，以两者配合施用防病效果最高，达60.82%。Biolog Eco微平板研究发现，施用拮抗菌饼肥发酵液可提高土壤微生物的AWCD 及种群均匀度，施用土壤消毒剂显著降低了土壤微生物种群的丰富度和均匀度;主成分分析表明，土壤微生物利用碳源的种类在香蕉整个生长季呈增加的趋势，其前期主要利用碳源为氨基酸类、羧酸类、双亲化合物、糖类，后期主要增加了羧酸类和双亲化合物类碳源。T-RFLP 分析土壤细菌多样性发现，施用拮抗菌饼肥发酵液处理的细菌TRFs 片段最高，分析优势种群发现，增加的种类主要有黄秆菌属(Flavobacterium)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、乳酸秆菌(Lactobacillus)等。【结论】拮抗菌饼肥发酵液配合土壤消毒剂施用，可在降低土壤中病原菌的基础上，增加土壤拮抗微生物的种类，提高土壤微生物细菌的多样性，改善土壤微生物生态结构，最终达到提高香蕉枯萎病防病效果的目的。

关键词:关键词:香蕉枯萎病，发酵液，土壤消毒剂，土壤微生物群落，Biolog，T-RFLP

Abstract:

Abstract:［Objective］The objective of the present study is to elucidate the effects of the application of cake fertilizer fermentation fluid with antagonistic bacteria and soil disinfectant chlorine dioxide on the occurrence of banana fusarium wilt disease and soil bacterium community． ［Method］Under the field cultivation conditions，the Biolog and T -RFLP method was used to investigate the soil bacterium diversity and community features in different treatments at different periods.［Result］The results show that both cake fertilizer fermentation fluid with antagonistic bacteria and soil disinfectant could reduce disease index of banana fusarium wilt disease significantly，the highest control effect could reach 60.82% with the combined application of these two methods． The result of Biolog eco plate shows that the application of cake fertilizer fermentation fluid with antagonistic bacteria could improve soil microbial AWCD(average well color development) and population uniformity，the use of soil disinfectant significantly reduced the soil microbial population’s abundance and the uniformity． Principal component analysis shows that the soil microbial population using carbon source had an increasing trend throughout the banana growing season，the main carbon sources in the early stage were amino acids，carboxylic acids，amphiphilic compounds and carbohydrates，and the increased main carbon sources in the later stage were carboxylic acids and amphiphilic compounds． Soil bacterial diversity analysis by T-RFLP shows that the treatments of cake fertilizer fermentation fluid with antagonistic bacteria had the highest bacterial TRFs (Terminal restriction fragment) fragments，which resulted from the increase of Flavobacterium，Pseudomona and Lactobacillus population in the soil.［Conclusion］The application of cake fertilizer fermentation fluid with antagonistic bacteria combining soil disinfectant could increase antagonistic microorganisms species，enhance soil microbial diversity，improve soil microbial ecological structure on the basis of reducing pathogen in soil，finally achieve the goal of improving the control effects of banana fusarium wilt disease．

Key words:Keywords: banana fusarium wilt，fermentation fluid，soil disinfectant，soil microbial community，Biolog，T-RFLP