成簇的规律间隔的短回文重复序列(CRISPR)基因组编辑技术研究进展

Progress of genome engineering technology via Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats—A review

摘要:

摘要:细菌和古细菌在与噬菌体的生存斗争中，进化出了获得性免疫系统———成簇的规律间隔的短回文重复序列(Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats，CRISPR)，该结构能够通过其转录出的mRNA又称crRNA(CRISPR RNA)及CRISPR相关蛋白(CRISPR-associated，Cas)对外来某一特定单链或双链DNA实施高特异性地沉默或降解。近年来，这个存在于原核生物中的免疫系统成为了研究热点，并有着极为广泛的应用前景。特别是最近，研究人员又根据crRNA的特性和功能，利用人为改造后的sgRNA (small guideRNA)及Cas9蛋白，实现了对细菌乃至真核生物某一特定基因的精确敲除或沉默，这无疑会使基因组编辑技术进入一个更加方便而精确的新时代。

关键词:关键词:CRISPR，CRISPR-Cas 系统，Cas9 蛋白，基因编辑

Abstract:

Abstract:In survival competition with phage，bacteria and archaea gradually evolved the acquired immune system-Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)，presenting the trait of transcribing the crRNA and the CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) to silence or cleaving the foreign double-stranded DNA specifically．In recent years，strong interest arises in prokaryotes primitive immune system and many in-depth researches are going on．Recently，researchers successfully repurposed CRISPR as an RNA-guided platform for sequence-specific gene expression，which provides a simple approach for selectively perturbing gene expression on a genome-wide scale． It will undoubtedly bring genome engineering into a more convenient and accurate new era．

Key words:Keywords: Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)，CRISPR-Cas system，Cas9 protein，genome engineering