一株溶磷真菌筛选鉴定及其溶磷促生效果

Screening，identification of P-dissolving fungus P83 strain and its effects on phosphate solubilization and plant growth promotion

摘要:

摘要:【目的】从高产农田筛选高效溶磷微生物菌株，为溶磷微生物肥料开发提供高效菌种资源。【方法】利用菌株的形态学特性、培养特征和ITS rDNA序列分析方法进行菌株鉴定，结合液体培养和土壤培养方法研究菌株的溶磷能力，进而采用温室盆栽和田间小区试验，明确溶磷菌P83促进作物生长和提高作物产量的作用效果。【结果】溶磷菌株P83鉴定为斜卧青霉菌(Penicillium decumbens)。液体条件下培养10 d，菌株P83表现显著高效的溶磷能力，对Ca3(PO4)2(5g/L)的溶解效果，有效磷达956 mg/L，溶解率 为42.68%，对湖南永和磷矿粉的溶液效果，有效磷达到152.8 mg/L;将P83菌株分别接种于施用Ca3(PO4)2、Zn3(PO4)2和磷矿粉(RP)3种磷源的盆栽试验土壤中，结果显示，菌株P83对玉米植株促生效果比对照显著提高，玉米植株鲜重提高9.5%－89.2%、干重增加35%－231%，土壤有效磷提高2.1－40.5 mg/kg。田间小区玉米产量结果显示，溶磷菌P83增产效果最好(P=0.05)，玉米子粒产量达9.2t/hm2，比不接种菌剂的对照增加2.4t/hm2，增产率为35.3%。【结论】获得了一株溶解难溶磷的斜卧青霉菌P83，它能够活化多种难溶磷、显著增加土壤有效磷水平，对玉米生长和增加作物产量具有显著作用，是一株展现良好应用前景的高效溶磷菌种。

Abstract:

Abstract:［Objective］ To isolate phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms from farmland，and to provide P-solubilizing microbial resource for bio-fertilizer production．［Methods］ Phosphate-solubilizing fungus was identified using morphological and cultural characteristics and ITS rDNA sequence analysis． The phosphate-solubilizing capacity of strain P83 was measured by Petri dishes，broth medium and soil pot experiment．The effect of strain P83 on plant growth was studied in field trials．［Results］ Strain P83 was identified as Penicillium decumbens with a strong ability to dissolve insoluble phosphates．P83 dissolved 42.68% Ca3 (PO4) 2 (5g/L) and the concentration of available phosphorus was 956 mg/L during a 10-d shaking incubation．The concentration of available phosphorus dissolved from Yonghe rock phosphate by P83 was152.8mg/L after 10d shaking incubation at 28℃ and a speed of 180r/min．P．decumbens P83 had a significant growth promotion effect on corn in Chao soil under three phosphates such as Ca3 (PO4) 2，Zn3 (PO4) 2 and rock phosphate．Compared with the control，inoculation with P83 increased the fresh weight of corn biomass by 9.5%－89.2% and dry weight of corn biomass by 35%－231%，and soil available phosphorus content increased 2.1mg/kg－40.5mg/kg．Field trials show that P．decumbens P83 had a greater effect on enhancement of corn grain yield，the yield was average 9.2t/hm2 and 35.3% higher than the control．［Conclusion］One new phosphate-solubilizing strain P83 was obtained and identified as P.decumbens．It solubilized insoluble phosphates in petri dishes，broth medium and pot experiments．P．decumbens P83 could increase corn yield significantly in field trials．P．decumbens P83 strain has the potential for biofertilizer production in the future．