反硝化聚磷菌的脱氮除磷机制及其在废水处理中的应用

Denitrifying and phosphorus accumulating mechanisms of denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms (DPAOs) for wastewater treatment-A review

摘要:

摘要:水体富营养化是当前水污染治理的重点关注对象，利用微生物脱氮除磷开展富营养化水体治理是一种重要的技术。基于反硝化细菌和聚磷菌的脱氮除磷功能，兼具反硝化和聚磷功能的微生物研究及其在污水工艺中的应用越来越广泛。在厌氧和好氧/缺氧环境中，反硝化聚磷菌的脱氮除磷机制有很大差别，且在化学和酶学方面都有所体现。其中，质子驱动力/电子受体理论能够很好地解释反硝化聚磷的化学过程，而反硝化酶系和多聚磷酸盐激酶是酶学过程的主要参与者。当前研究已明确在不同氧含量环境中氮素对磷去除的影响机制，但是否存在磷对除氮作用的影响仍有待进一步研究。在此基础上，本文以氮-磷的偶联过程为切入点，分别从反硝化聚磷的化学过程和酶学机制方面进行简要综述。此外，介绍了反硝化聚磷菌在实验室以及工厂化污水处理中的应用近况，并提出了今后的研究重点与方向，以期为反硝化聚磷菌在环境修复中的进一步开发应用提供理论依据。

Abstract:

Abstract:Eutrophication has raised increasing concerns due to its adverse effects on creatures．It is widely accepted that microbes are capable of removing nitrogen (N) and phosphate (P) via denitrification and P accumulation．So far，several strains can do this work．Therefore，more studies are focused on looking for micro-organisms that have both denitrification and P accumulation ability．Whether exposed to aerobic or anaerobic environment，microbial N and P removal mechanisms differ．Proton Motive Force and Electron Acceptor Theory are involved in the chemical process，whereas denitrifying enzymes polyphosphate kinases are regarded as the leading participators in the enzymatic systems．Studies have shown the influences of N on P accumulation，but further investigation should identify the influences of P on N removal．Here we reviewed the aspects of N and P removal mechanisms in denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms (DPAOs) and their potential to remove N and P from water system．Moreover，future works on clarifying denitrifying phosphorus accumulating mechanisms in depth and improving efficiency of removing N and P by DPAOs are provided．