产胶原酶菌株的筛选鉴定、发酵优化及胶原酶纯化

Screening, identification and fermentation optimization of a collagenase-producing strain and purification of the collagenase

摘要:

[目的] 从肉联厂附近土壤中筛选出新型的胶原酶菌种,并通过提高其产酶量后研究其胶原酶的纯化方法,进一步研究该胶原酶对胶原蛋白的降解效率。[方法] 经形态特征、生理生化特征以及16SrRNA基因进化树分析鉴定该菌株,并对该菌株产酶发酵条件进行优化,最终利用强阴离子交换树脂对该菌株所产的胶原酶进行分离纯化。[结果] 该菌株鉴定为蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)。对该菌株的产酶发酵条件进行优化,结果表明最适碳源为2.0%葡萄糖、最适氮源为1.5%胰蛋白胨、最适无机盐为0.005% Ca²⁺;初始发酵液pH 7.5、发酵温度37 ℃,在最适条件下,该菌株发酵液的酶活为(65.81±2.06)U/mL,相比优化前(26.7±1.9) U/mL,酶活提高约1.5倍。对该菌株所产的胶原酶进行分离纯化,得到1个分子量约为100 kDa、纯度大于90%的胶原酶,其比酶活力约为(7615.0±78.7) U/mg。[结论] 该研究所发现的胶原酶酶活较高,能够使胶原蛋白在短时间内被有效地降解为具有生物活性的胶原短肽,在食品、医疗、保健品、化妆品等领域具有较广泛的应用前景。

Abstract:

[Objective] The purpose of this study was to isolate novel strains from the soil nearby meat processing factories to produce collagenase. After the yield of collagenase from the strain improved, the collagenase was purified and used for hydrolyzing collagen. [Methods] The strain was identified based on morphological features, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree analysis. The yield of collagenase was increased by optimizing the fermentation condition, and the collagenase isolated from the fermentation supernatant of the strain was finally purified with strong anion exchange resins. [Results] The collagenase-producing strain was identified as Bacillus cereus. The optimized fermentation conditions of the strain were: 2.0% glucose as optimum carbon source, 1.5% tryptone as optimum nitrogen source, 0.005% of Ca²⁺ as optimum metal ion. The optimum temperature and pH were 37 ℃ and 7.5, respectively. Under the optimum conditions, the enzyme activity of collagenase was (65.81±2.06) U/mL, 1.5-fold increased than that before the optimization. After purified with strong anion exchange resins, a collagenase with the purity higher than 90%, the molecular weight about 100 kDa, and the specific activity of 7615.0±78.7 U/mg was obtained. [Conclusion] The activity of Bacillus cereus collagenase was higher than the reported collagenases. Using this novel collagenase, collagen could be degraded into short biological peptides in a short time. Hence, this collagenase has application prospects in many fields, such as food, medical, health care products and cosmetics.