灌喂植物乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌增加仔猪肠道菌群多样性及短链脂肪酸生成

Feeding Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus casei increased microbial diversity and short chain fatty acids production in the gut-intestinal tract of weaning piglets

摘要:

[目的] 研究断奶前给仔猪饲喂植物乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌对断奶前、后肠道菌群组成、数量和短链脂肪酸（SCFA）浓度的影响，分析仔猪生长性能与肠道形态、微生物菌群及SCFAs的相关性，探讨测试菌株缓解仔猪断奶应激的可能机制。[方法] 选取15窝7 d龄杜长大仔猪，随机分为3组，分别灌喂2 mL去离子水（对照组）、0.5×10⁹ CFU/mL植物乳杆菌（LP组）或干酪乳杆菌（LC组）的菌液，每组以窝为单位5个重复，于21 d（断奶）、24 d和35 d屠宰，采集回肠和结肠食糜，分析菌群组成和数量的变化，测定SCFAs浓度。[结果] 测试菌株均能显著提高断奶2周后回肠、结肠菌群多样性（P<0.05），促进乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌增殖；显著促进断奶前回肠和结肠中乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和总SCFA生成，促进断奶后乙酸和总SCFA产生；相关分析显示，测试菌株组仔猪腹泻率下降与SCFAs浓度上升、回肠绒毛高度增加和总菌数量上升显著相关，日增重提高与结肠乙酸和TSCFA浓度增加显著相关。[结论] 测试菌株促进乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌等有益菌增殖，增加肠道菌群多样性，促进肠道SCFAs生成。

Abstract:

[Objective] The objective of the study was to study the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus casei on the changes in composition and quantity of microbial populations and the concentrations of short chain fatty acids in the gut digesta of piglets before and after weaning, to explore the mechanisms of the tested two strains to relieve weaning stress.[Methods] Fifteen litters of piglets (Duroc×Yorkshire×Landrace) at the age of 7 days were randomly allocated to 3 groups (5 each), including the control group with an oral administration of saline, LP group with L. plantarum and and LC group, with L. casei. On day 21, 24 and 35, the piglets were slaughtered, and the ileum and colon digesta were analyzed for microbial populations and short chain fatty acids.[Results] In the ileum and colon, the test strains significantly increased the microbial diversity (P<0.05), promoted the growth of Lactobacilli spp. and Bifidobacteria spp. after 2 weeks of post-weaning. The two test strains increased the concentration of acetate, propionate, butyrate and total short chain fatty acids both in ileum and colon before weaning, and the concentration of acetate, total short chain fatty acids after weaning. Correlation analysis showed that the decreased diarrhea rate before weaning in the LP and LC groups was significant associated with the increased short chain fatty acids concentration and total bacteria of ileum and colon, the increased height of the ileum villi. The improved average daily gain presented a correlation with the increased concentration of acetate and total short chain fatty acids of colon.[Conclusion] The findings imply that the tested strains are contribute to increase the microbial diversity, the quantities of beneficial bacteria and the production of short chain fatty acids in the gut intestinal tract of weaning piglets.