大肠菌群与氮营养素互作及其对机体健康的影响

Interaction between microflora and nitrogen nutrients in large intestine and its impacts on host health

摘要:

摘要:蛋白质不仅是构建机体组织的主要原料，而且对动物新陈代谢活动至关重要。数目庞大的肠道细菌在机体营养素，尤其是氮营养素的代谢过程中发挥重要作用。小肠细菌能代谢部分氨基酸，进而影响宿主整体氨基酸的代谢。与小肠相比，大肠拥有更为丰富的菌群和更长的蠕动时间。一方面，进入大肠的氮营养素会影响大肠菌群的代谢和群落结构；另一方面，大肠菌群也能广泛参与氮营养素的代谢与利用，生成许多代谢产物，进而影响机体健康。本文主要综述了日粮蛋白质对大肠菌群的影响、大肠菌群代谢氨基酸的产物及其对肠道生理和机体健康的影响。

Abstract:

Abstract:Proteins are not only the main building blocks for the construction of tissue, but also crucial for metabolic activity in animals. The microbial community colonized in the gastrointestinal tract plays an important role in host nutrients metabolism, especially nitrogen nutrients. Bacteria in small intestine could metabolize parts of amino acids (AAs), which further affects the systemic AAs metabolism of host. Compared with that in small intestine, the density of bacteria is much higher and the retention time of chyme is much longer in large intestine. On the one hand, the metabolism and community structure of microflora could be affected by nitrogen nutrients entering the large intestine. Thus, the metabolism of nitrogen nutrients by large intestinal microflora can lead to the formation of several metabolites, which are generally presumed to be detrimental for the host health. This review summarized the effects of dietary protein on the community structure of large intestinal microflora, the microbial metabolites of AAs in large intestine and their impacts on intestinal physiology and host health.