小月菌属放线菌的研究进展

Research progress on the genus Microlunatus

摘要:

小月菌属（Microlunatus）菌株在治理磷元素造成的环境污染方面呈现优势，具有广阔的研究与开发前景。1995年Nakamura等以积磷小月菌（Microlunatus phosphovorus）为模式种建立了小月菌属。目前，该属包含7个有效描述种，分离自多种生态环境。小月菌属在分类学上的典型特征是：细胞壁含有LL-二氨基庚二酸，优势甲基萘醌成分为MK-9（H₄），磷酸类脂主要包括双磷脂酰甘油和磷脂酰甘油。本文结合我们对新近分离得到的2株小月菌属菌株的分类研究结果和相关文献资料，就小月菌属的建立、分类学特征、属内各成员的分布、及其在化工和医药业上的应用研究进展和开发前景进行了综述。

Abstract:

Members of the genus Microlunatus exhibit many potential advantages in managing the environmental pollution caused by phosphorus. The genus was proposed by Nakamura and co-workers with the name Microlunatus phosphovorus as the type species in 1995. Up to date, the genus Microlunatus encompasses seven validly described species, which were isolated from various environments. Members of the genus Microlunatus share the following genus-specific characteristics, possessing LL-2, 6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan, MK-9(H₄) as the predominant menaquinone and diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the phospholipid pattern. Based on the taxonomic results of two newly isolated strains of the genus Microlunatus and the related reference reports, this review summarizes the research advances of the genus Microlunatus, including the genus establishment, taxonomic characteristics, their distribution in the environments, as well as the application prospect in chemical and medical industry.