寨卡疫苗研究进展

Advances in Zika vaccines

摘要:

寨卡病毒系由伊蚊传播的黄病毒，超过20亿人在其流行区域生活。近几年，在中南美洲乃至世界范围内爆发的寨卡疫情已对全球公共卫生事业构成严重威胁。已有研究证实寨卡病毒感染为格林巴利综合征的病因之一；孕妇感染寨卡病毒后，可造成新生儿小头症。早日研制出安全有效的寨卡疫苗之重要性不言而喻。全球率先报道的寨卡疫苗为一款DNA疫苗，其在设计、制备和生产方面均较其他类型疫苗更加简易，且可避免可复制型疫苗因毒力回复而造成对孕妇和胎儿的健康威胁，在寨卡疫苗的研究中具有显著优势。其他传统类型疫苗和基于抗体的新型疫苗等均有研究机构开展研究，并已取得阶段性进展，本文将扼要综述寨卡疫苗的研究现状与进展。

Abstract:

Aedes (a genus of mosquitoes) transfers Zika virus (ZIKV) to humans. About two billion people worldwide live in ZIKV-affected areas. The outbreak of ZIKV in Central and South America threats public health worldwide, especially for pregnant women and their fetuses. ZIKV infection has become one of the major causes of neonatal congenital microcephaly and adult Guillain-Barre syndrome. No effective vaccine and treatment are available now against ZIKV infection. The first Zika vaccine is a DNA vaccine which affords complete protection against ZIKV and induces a high level of specific antibody titers. Advantages of DNA vaccines are simple to design and produce, safe for adults and fetuses, and without virulence recovery induced by reproducible vaccines. Some positive vaccines including traditional and emerging ones are in research and some progresses have been achieved. This article reviews the current situation and progress of Zika vaccines.